1. clumped

2. uniform

3. random

4. Population grow in predictable patterns
Immigrations and births into population
Emigrations and deaths leaving population
Based on available resources
Immigrations>emigrations--- population grows
Emigrations>Immigrations– population declines
Immigration=emigrations– population same

5. Exponential growth
Rapid growth due to lots of resources

6. Logistic growth
Population growth facing limited resources

7. Carrying capacity
Maximum number of individuals an environment can hold

8. Limiting factors Something that keeps the size of a population down
Density-dependent
predation
Competition
parasitism and disease

9. Density-independent
unusual weather
natural disasters
human activities

10. Ecological succession
is a process of change in the species that make up a community.
Occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem
Regenerations or creates a community after a disturbance
a sequence of biotic changes
damaged communities are regenerated
new communities arise in previously uninhabited areas

11. 2 types of succession
primary succession — started by pioneer species

12. secondary succession — started by remaining species

13. Biomes- land based
6 major

14. Tropical rain forest biomes produce lush forests.
Warm temperature
Lots of precipitation
Source: World Meteorological Organization

15. Grassland biomes are where the primary plant life is grass.
Temperate grasslands are dry and warm during the summer; most precipitation falls as snow.
Tropical grasslands are warm through the year, with definite dry and rainy seasons.

16. Temperate grasslands
Tropical grasslands

17. Desert biomes are characterized by a very arid climate.
Tucson, Arizona
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
Desert biomes are characterized by a very arid climate.
very low amount of precipitation
four types: hot, semi-arid, coastal, and cold

18. Temperate forest biomes include deciduous forests and rain forests.
Deciduous trees are the dominant plant species
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration

19. Temperate deciduous forests have hot summers and cold winters.
The temperate rain forests have a long wet season and relatively dry summer.

20. The taiga biome is located in cooler northern climates
Source: Environment Canada
Banff, Canada

21. The tundra biome is found in the far northern latitudes with long winters.
winter lasts 10 months
limited precipitation
permafrost
Barrow, Alaska
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration

22. Polar ice caps and mountains are not considered biomes.
Polar ice caps have no soil, therefore no plant community.
The climate and organisms found on mountains change as the elevation changes.

23. Marine ecosystems are global
The ocean can be divided into zones.
intertidal zone
neritic zone
bathmat zone
abyssal zone

24. The neritic zone harbors more biomass than any other zone.
zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Coastal waters
Coral reefs are found in warm waters.
Kelp forests are found in cold, nutrient-rich waters.

25. FRESHWATER An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water.
mixture of fresh water with salt water
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems
Freshwater bodies are divided into three zones.
littoral zone
limnetic zone
benthic zone
The upwelling brings up nutrients.