1. The Five Canons of Rhetoric & The Aristotelian Appeals
AP Language and Composition
Mrs. Fertenbaugh

2. The Five Canons of Rhetoric
The study of rhetoric is traditionally broken up into five parts:
Invention
Arrangement
Style
Memory
Delivery

3. Introduction to the Appeals INVENTION
Non-Artistic Proofs
Do not require invention – already exist
Can not be changed by the writer to modify the situation (Laws, Witnesses, Contracts)
Artistic Proofs
Created by the Situation
Invented by the speaker to help modify the situation using effective rhetoric
Ethos, Logos, Pathos

5. Ethos Appeal to credibility Can be established by Reputation Education
Experience
Shared Values
Sincerity
DON’T GO THERE: over establishing ethos makes the author have a case of dogmatism. Yuck. 

6. Logos
Appeals to logic
Offering clear, rational ideas
Based on assumptions
Supported claims using facts, statistics, research, data
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning patterns
Comparative Logic
Addressing the counterargument
Agree (concede) that the counterargument may be true, but
Deny (refute) the validity of all or part of it
DON’T GO THERE: Establishing logic for an argument is not simply inundating the audience with facts. Too many, irrelevant pieces of info = boring/lack cogency/off topic

7. Pathos Appeals to emotion Addressing audience in the first person
Using diction with strong connotations
Vivid, concrete description
Figurative language
DON’T GO THERE: Relying solely on this appeal can be considered propagandistic. They are easy to rubut!