1. “There is nothing impossible to him who will try
“There is nothing impossible to him who will try.” - Alexander the Great

2. The Macedonians North of Greece Greeks considered them foreigners
Macedonian King Phillip II saw Greek city-states weakness
Began raising army
Conquered northern territories

3. The Greeks Demosthenes warned the Greeks
Couldn’t agree on a way to defend themselves
338 B.C. Macedonians defeated the Greeks at Chaeronea
Greece now ruled by King Phillip II
Planned to attack Persians next

4. Alexander the Great King Phillip II was murdered
His son, Alexander took over
Just turned 20
Student of Aristotle
Love sport, especially riding
Bucephalus
Inherited Macedonia and all of Greece
Greeks thought they could regain their freedom
His son, Alexander took over
Just turned 20 - born 356 B.C.
Student of Aristotle
Love sport, especially riding
Bucephalus

5. The Conquests of Alexander
Worked w/ Greeks to attack Persia
Greeks willing to fight for him
Marched on to Persia
Dominated first Persian army at the Granicus River

6. The Conquests of Alexander
King Darius (Persia) tried to negotiate
Alexander didn’t
Planned to conquer all of Persian empire
Headed to conquer Egypt
Accepted Alexander as a liberator
Named him Pharaoh
Founded Alexandria
Moved east - to King Darius at Gaugamela
Attacked King Darius and his huge army

7. The Conquests of Alexander
Conquered Babylon, Susa, Persepolis
Now ruled Greece, Egypt, Phoenicia, Palestine, Babylonia, Assyria, Asia Minor and Persia

8. Conquests of Alexander
Left Persia, rode to India
King Porus (India) heard he was coming
Waited on far side of river
Alexander’s troops crossed the river and defeated the army
Left Persia, rode to India
King Porus heard of his coming
Waited on far side of Hydaspes River
Alexander’s troops crossed the river and defeated the army

9. End of Alexander’s Campaign
Troops got tired, wanted to go home
Alexander agreed to turn back
Spring 323 B.C. they had reached Babylon
Alexander planned to unify his empire
Died from a fever weeks later
Troops got tired
11 years of fighting
Endured terrible conditions
Alexander was disappointed

10. Conquests of Alexander

11. Dividing Alexander’s Kingdom
Antigonus
King of Macedonia
Control of Greek city-states
Ptolemy
Egypt
Became Pharaoh
Seleucus
Persian empire
Known as Seleucid Kingdom

13. Hellenism
B/c of Alexander, Greek culture spread and blended with Egyptian, Persian, Indian culture
Influenced: language, trade, development, science, technology, math, philosophy, art

14. Hellenism - Language Language: “Koine” - common Influenced by Greek
Sharing language = sharing ideas

15. Hellenism - Trade Alexandria became trading capital Access to the seas
Population 1/2 million
Access to the seas
Commerce helped city grow, prosper
Increased cultural mixing

16. Hellenism - Development
Broad streets lined with statues
Tomb for Alexander
Museum
Art galleries
Zoo
Botanical gardens
Dining hall
Institute for study
Alexandrian Library
Produced brilliant scholars
Pharos - lighthouse overlooking harbor
Alexandrian Library
Half a million papyrus scrolls of ancient literature
Produced brilliant scholars
Literary criticism, commentary

19. Hellenism - Astronomy Aristarchus Eratosthenes
Estimated the sun larger than Earth
Proposed that the Earth and planets revolve around the sun
Put planets in proper order
Eratosthenes
Used geometry to compute Earth’s circumference
Invented leap day
Created map of the world
Aristarchus
Estimated the sun was 300 times larger than Earth
Eratosthenes
Used geometry to compute Earth’s circumference at 28, ,000 miles
Actually 24,600

21. Hellenism - Math and Physics
Euclid
Wrote Elements
Work is the basis for geometry
Archimedes
Estimated value of ∏
Explained the laws of levers
Archimedes screw
Compound pulley
Archimedes
Estimated value of ∏ - the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter

23. Hellenism - Archimedes
Archimedes screw
Law of Levers

24. Hellenism - Philosophy
Focused on how people should live their lives
Stoicism:
Founded by Zeno
Live life in harmony with will of god(s)
Desires were distractions
Promoted social unity
Focus on what can be controlled
Epicureanism:
Founded by Epicurus
Gods ruled the universe, had no interest in humans
Reality (truth) is what could be perceived by the senses
Greatest good is virtuous behavior, absence of pain
Harmony of body, mind

28. Hellenism - Art Moved away from idealized forms Realism
New subjects
More natural
Used bronze, metals
Sculpture flourished
Colossus of Rhodes
Over 100 feet high
Nike - winged victory