1. OTHERS: COMMUNICATION
non-verbal communication (page 56 – 60 in Text) (p. 31 – 35 ATAR)
body language
gestures
physical distance
facial expressions
touch and smell
effective communication (page 137 – 144)
listener/receiver attributes
active listening
working collaboratively
assertive communication
the impact of hearing impairment and language delay (p )
role of language in initiating, maintaining and regulating interpersonal relationships – Robinson’s social skills (p.375 – 381)

2. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
Communication requires BOTH talking and listening.
Effective communication exists when the listener receives, interprets and understands the message as it was intended from the speaker.
Although speaking and listening come naturally, without listening, there can be no communication. We can speak but if no one hears us, there is no communication.
Listening requires learning and practice through paying attention when people are talking to you.

3. COMMUNICATION
Effective communication involves “successful” transfer of info from one person (sender) to another (receiver) through verbal & nonverbal means.
There are many methods of communication:
Reading and writing
Mobile phones (apps such as tango, viber, skype, facetime, whatsapp)
, fax, twitter, snap-chat and face-book
Translating languages
Verbal face to face conversation
Non-verbal communication (body language such as gestures and facial expressions)

4. COMMUNICATION
There is much more to communication than just a sender conveying a message to a receiver.
What do you think this means?
How does the context in which a message is delivered affect how it is received?

5. You’re talking to someone. These are their facial expressions
You’re talking to someone. These are their facial expressions. What are they thinking while you’re talking?

13. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Passive
Not addressing your own needs, neutral, uncaring, uninvolved
Aggressive
Full on, ‘in your face’ all about MY needs, angry
Assertive
Caring for my rights and the rights of others. Expressing how you feel and your options in a firm but friendly manner

14. ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION
Assertive communication is an effective way of resolving conflict.
It means being honest without infringing on the rights of the other person
It is not aggressive

15. ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION
3 steps
Say something to show that you are trying to understand the other person
State the problem
State what you would like to change
When communicating:
Use ‘I’ messages to express ownership of your thoughts and feelings
Keep to the facts

16. EFFECTIVE OR ACTIVE LISTENING
The listener must let the speaker know that they’re listening by either replying, smiling or head nodding.
Active listening means trying to understand what the speaker is thinking, feeling or wanting before responding.
There should be ongoing checking, feedback and replying between listener and speaker.

17. 12 TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Face the speaker & maintain eye contact
Pay attention & screen out distractions
Listen to words & work out the meaning of the message.
Do not interrupt
Wait for a pause before asking a question
Ask questions only to clarify meaning

18. 12 TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE LISTENING
For long periods of listening, focus on key words and issues
Give the speaker feedback
Pay attention to what is not said (including non-verbal cues)
Do not be distracted by your biases and views.
When dealing with difficult people, spend more time listening than speaking.
When in doubt, keep listening

19. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Being distracted
‘Topping’ the speaker
Being judgemental

20. TALKING, LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING
TIPS FOR SPEAKER
Don’t speak too fast
Don’t speak too soft
Modulate your voice
Exclude unnecessary detail
Use assertive language

21. TALKING, LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING
TIPS FOR LISTENERS
Don’t be preoccupied with your own thoughts
Don’t be busy thinking of a reply during talk
Don’t let the way the message is conveyed distract you.
Ask when you don’t understand
Give your undivided attention
Be aware of your body language

22. HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Children who have hearing impairments cannot hear the sounds of language.
Around 5% of all children in WA have a difficulty hearing in one or both ears.
Hearing loss that is present at birth or occurs before language has been learned is more disruptive to language development than any loss that occurs after language has developed.

23. HEARING IMPAIRMENT CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
Caused by problems in the outer or middle ear that prevents sounds from being conducted to the inner ear and hearing nerves.
It affects the volume of sound & is usually medically or surgically treatable.
Often caused by ‘middle-ear infection’

24. HEARING IMPAIRMENT SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
This is due to a problem in the cochlea (the sensory part of the ear) or the hearing nerve (the neural part)
It can be acquired or be present at birth.
This includes a loss of clarity as well as volume.
MIXED HEARING LOSS
Having both conductive & sensorineural hearing loss.

25. HEARING IMPAIRMENT
The extent to which a child is disadvantaged by a hearing loss depends on:
The severity of the loss
The cause of the loss
How early the loss is detected
What age the loss occurred
The use of hearing aids & cochlea implants which restores hearing ability.
Even ear infections can lead to problems with language. Ear infections are more common in Indigenous children.
Hearing problems are more common in boys than girls.

26. http://youtu.be/ZZZ7k8cMA-4 (Ted Talks)
(Jane Hargrave)
(20 minutes)