1. Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
statecraft
raison d’etat
the idea that the state amounted to more than its ruler; thus,…..
machpolitik (power politics)
implies irrelevance of morality in the conduct of international relations
…….or national self-interest
Foreign policy
a government’s policy governing international relations with other countries
foreign policies generally are designed to help protect a country's:
national interests (country's priorities & goals re: what’s best for the country),
national security,
ideological goals, and
economic prosperity
This can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations (diplomacy), or through aggression, war, and exploitation
Different countries or regions are said to possess certain diplomatic styles, which sometimes reflect cultural differences
Ex. Trump v. Trudeau?
‘Didn’t you guys burn down the White House?’
May 25, 2018 – in response to Trudeau’s concerns

2. Canada as a Middle Power (and beyond?)
post WWII
Cold War
Canada emerged as a leading "middle power," assuming the role of peacekeeper and negotiator in international disputes
In reality – Canada aligned most often with US/Western Alliance
Prime ministers remained prominent in international affairs, taking part in visits from foreign heads of state, world tours, treaty negotiations, and other activities
Diefenbaker – Cuban Missile Crisis
Pearson – UN, ‘Peacekeeping,’ Vietnam War
P. Trudeau – Denuclearization, China, Cuba
Legacy of the Cold War?
Canada’s role diminished?
Alliance Systems?
continuities evident in recent diplomacy?
Trump as an agent of change?
Wither multilateralism?
Concert Diplomacy
the idea that great powers ‘tried to avoid war, protect the status quo and, if this was impossible, to arrange for change by multilateral agreement’
Realpolitik?
Are states the only relevant actors in the international sphere? UN? NATO? G7? WTO?
Are states the most effective when it comes to diplomatic activity?

3. Summit Diplomacy
Under what circumstances is ‘summit diplomacy’ likely to be effective?
Churchill coined the phrase…..postwar feature?
Bilateral
Multilateral
‘Diplomatic Socialization’ builds international society?
Group of Seven (G7) Meeting – Quebec, June 8-9, 2018
Est – Fr, Br., USA, Italy, Japan, Germ., Canada
meets annually to discuss economic and trade issues
also, enviro, int’l security, and other issues as they arise
Trump administration
has enacted sudden decision to place tariffs on steel and aluminum from Canada, Mexico and EU (attendee at G7)
25% duties upon steel, 10% upon aluminum entering USA
Effective June 1, 2018
G7 finance ministers met this past weekend in Whistler, BC in lead up to summit – unanimous rebuke of US trade policy
Effective July 1st, Canada responding with matching tariffs on a host of products entering Canada from US
Trade War?
Is the G7 an effective, relevant organization if USA refuses to engage, participate in multilateral approach?
Are we seeing the failure of ‘globalization?’ A return to isolationism?

4. Public Diplomacy
the ways in which governments attempt to influence public opinion
‘soft power’
winning the ‘hearts and minds’ of the people
Seduction more powerful, effective than coercion?
….but, attraction can turn to repulsion if we act in an arrogant manner and destroy the real message of deeper values…..
Role of Culture?
the branding of diplomacy? competing cultural values?
Emergence of new technologies……
new type of public diplomacy?
Aim is not so much to indirectly influence governments, but to shape the attitudes of other societies in a more direct state to society intervention…….more often this occurs covertly.
Brexit?
2016 US Presidential Election?
Propaganda?
What is the line between public diplomacy (usually perceived as a positive thing) and propaganda (usually perceived negatively)?