2. Motion: when an object changes its position.
(relative to reference frame)
Example notes: From a reference point within the car, the car isn’t moving in relation to you. However, from the street reference point, or a reference point of a building, the car is moving as it passes by.

3. Reference Frame: The things that are “not moving”.
It is the place from where you measure, record, or witness an event.
Example notes: From a reference point within the car, the car isn’t moving in relation to you. However, from the street reference point, or a reference point of a building, the car is moving as it passes by.

4. Distance:
(d) how far an object has moved.

5. Displacement: (Δx)
The distance and direction of an object’s change in position; The difference between the start point and the end point.

6. If a soccer player runs 50 m North, then turns around and runs 20 m South, what is his distance and displacement?
𝑑 = ?
Δ𝑥 = ?
𝑑 =
𝑑 = 70 𝑚
Δ𝑥 = 50 – 20
Δ𝑥 = 30 𝑚 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ
20 m
50 m

7. If an object travels along paths which are at right angles, the Pythagorean theorem is used to find the displacement.
𝒂2 + 𝒃2 = 𝒄2 b Δx c a
The hypotenuse of the right triangle is equal to the displacement (Δx)

8. A delivery truck drives 4 miles West before turning right and driving 6 miles North to make a delivery. Find the truck’s distance and displacement. b Δx c
6 miles a
4 miles
𝑎2+𝑏2=𝑐2
42+62=𝑐2 𝑐2
52 = 𝑐 2
7.21 = 𝑐
𝑎 = 4 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑏 = 6 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑐 = Δ𝑥 = ?
𝑑 = 4 + 6
𝑑 = 10 𝑚𝑖
𝑐 = 7.21
Δ𝑥 = 7.21 𝑚𝑖
Northwest
𝒂2 + 𝒃2 = 𝒄2

9. Independent
Practice
( IP: Packet page 6 )

10. Speed: (s)
the distance an object travels per unit of time m/s, mi/hr, mph,
𝒔= 𝒅 𝒕

11. 𝒔= 𝒅 𝒕 Suppose you ran 2 km in 10 min. What was your speed?
𝑠= 2 𝑘𝑚 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠 = ?
𝑑 = 2 𝑘𝑚
𝑡=10 min
𝑠 = 0.2 𝑘𝑚/min
𝒔= 𝒅 𝒕

12. If sound travels at 343 m/s through air.
When a lightning bolt strikes 2 km away,
how long will it take for the sound to reach you?
𝑡 = ?
𝑠 = 343 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑 = 2 𝑘𝑚
𝑡 = 2000 𝑚 343 𝑚/𝑠
1000 𝑚
2000 𝑚 =
1 𝑘𝑚
𝑠 = 𝑑 𝑡
(t)
(t)
For a CP (non-honors) group you could skip this problem, but I like to show it to ALL of my students because this would be a great bonus question on a CP test, and a required question for sure on honors.
It makes them take note of LIKE units, refreshes their memory and brings in skills from unit 1 (like metric conversions!), and gets them practicing with rearranging equations. I do NOT let them use the equation triangles or plug in first then rearrange because I want them to get into good habits NOW while the equations are simpler so that they can apply those habits/strategies to harder equations we will get to.
Two things I repeat over and over (until students literally start quoting me):
To rearrange a fraction 1st ALWAYS get it out of a fraction.
Do this by multiplying by the denominator.
𝑡 = 5.83 𝑠
t s = d s s
𝒔= 𝒅 𝒕

13. Two Types of Speeds

14. Average speed 𝑑1 − 𝑑2 𝑡1 − 𝑡2 ∆𝑑 ∆𝑡 300 5 =60
total distance traveled divided by total time taken.
𝑑1 − 𝑑2 𝑡1 − 𝑡2
∆𝑑 ∆𝑡
300 5 =60
I went 300 miles,
in 5 hours.
So, my average speed
was 60 mi/hr.

15. Instantaneous speed: the speed at any given point in time.
When I passed the park the speedometer said 75 mph.

16. Velocity:
(v) the speed of an object and its direction.
𝒗= 𝒅 𝒕

17. Velocity can change even when the speed remains constant.
(changing direction)

18. Practice
A girl is training to run a 5k (3.1 mile) race. If she runs a trial race in 0.5 hours, what is her average speed?
An elevator at a museum can travel 210 m upwards in 35 s. What is the elevator’s velocity?
How far does a car travel in .75 hrs if it is moving at a constant speed of 45 mi/hr?
If a motorcycle is moving at a constant speed down the highway of 40 km/hr, how long would it take the motorcycle to travel 10 km?
Answer: s = 6.2 mi/hr or 10 km/hr
Answer: v = 6 m/s upwards
I have students work these out in their notes and I walk around and help them as they work. Then we go over the answers all together. I especially encourage CP students that if they don’t know what to do, they at least need to set up the problem (labeling values that they know and writing the appropriate equation.). They should NEVER leave a problem blank!
Answer: d = mi
Answer: t = 0.25 hr

19. Δ𝑦 Δ𝑥 Graphing Motion 𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟏 −𝒙𝟐
Recall that Slope is the steepness of a line. Calculated as
Δ𝑦 Δ𝑥
𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟏 −𝒙𝟐

20. Δ𝑦 Δ𝑥 =𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟏 −𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝟏 −𝒅𝟐 𝒕𝟏 −𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
On a distance vs. time graph, this means…
𝒅𝟏 −𝒅𝟐 𝒕𝟏 −𝒕𝟐
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
=𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅
Therefore on a distance vs. time graph,
the slope = speed.

21. Graphing Motion Describe the motion of each graph.
moving at a constant speed,
away from the reference point
moving at a constant speed,
towards
the reference point
Honors: You can have them calculate the slope (and therefore the average speed) of the lines on the first two graphs, or at any given point to find instantaneous speed on the last two graphs. I would not do this with CP though!
speeding up,
line getting steeper
slowing down,
line leveling out

22. Sketch a graph of an object 5 meters away and not moving.

23. Sketch a graph of an object moving at a
constant speed (3 seconds) then
stopping (2 seconds) then
speeding up.

24. This is a graph of two people in a race on the same track.
Do these two runners have:
The same speed?
The same direction?
The same velocity?
What was the set up for this race?
Honors: You can have them calculate the slope (and therefore the average speed) of the lines on the first two graphs, or at any given point to find instantaneous speed on the last two graphs. I would not do this with CP though!
Red runner started
2 seconds after the Blue runner.

25. This is a graph of two people in a race on the same track.
Do these two runners have:
The same speed?
The same direction?
The same velocity?
What was the set up for this race?
They started at the same time but the red (slower) runner started running 4 meters ahead of the blue (faster) runner.
Honors: You can have them calculate the slope (and therefore the average speed) of the lines on the first two graphs, or at any given point to find instantaneous speed on the last two graphs. I would not do this with CP though!

26. This is a graph of two people in a race on the same track.
Do these two runners have:
The same speed?
The same direction?
The same velocity?
What was the set up for this race?
They started at the same time but the red (faster) runner is running the opposite direction.
Honors: You can have them calculate the slope (and therefore the average speed) of the lines on the first two graphs, or at any given point to find instantaneous speed on the last two graphs. I would not do this with CP though!

27. Independent
Practice
( IP: Packet page 7 )

28. Independent
Practice
( IP: Packet page 8,10 )