1. Mark Twain
March 7, 2013

2. Do Now
Vocab quiz & reading check

3. Foreshadowing & Suspense: Build-up to Terror
Two important devices of fiction are foreshadowing and suspense.
Foreshadowing is the author’s use of hints about possible danger or upcoming events.
Suspense is the reader’s feeling of tense uncertainty.
One reason an author uses foreshadowing is to build suspense

4. In Tom Sawyer, one of the major sources of suspense is the threat represented by Injun Joe.
This threat is foreshadowed in the graveyard when Huck calls him “the murderin’ half-breed.”
We see real evidence for this characterization when Injun Joe actually knifes a man to death
From then on, we recognize Injun Joe as a true thereat
Therefore, every appearance he makes creates suspense.

5. Independent work
The passages you will read contain foreshadowing and suspense. Read them and answer the questions that follow.
He [Injun Joe’s partner] ran and brought the boys’ pick and shovel. Injun Joe took the pick, looked it over critically, shook his head, muttered something to himself, and then began to use it.
1. What threat of danger does Injun Joe’s action foreshadow?

6. The boys' breath forsook them
The boys' breath forsook them. Injun Joe put his hand on his knife, halted a moment, undecided, and then turned toward the stairway. The boys thought of the closet, but their strength was gone. The steps came creaking up the stairs -- the intolerable distress of the situation woke the stricken resolution of the lads -- they were about to spring for the closet, when there was a crash of rotten timbers and Injun Joe landed on the ground amid the debris of the ruined stairway. 2. How did Injun Joe’s behavior in the graveyard foreshadow his behavior in the haunted house? 3. Give an example from the passage of a sound that creates suspense. 4. Give an example from the passage of a visual image that creates suspense.

7. The hooting of an owl came from over the hill — ominous sound
The hooting of an owl came from over the hill — ominous sound! But no footsteps. Heavens, was everything lost! He was about to spring with winged feet, when a man cleared his throat not four feet from him! Huck's heart shot into his throat, but he swallowed it again; and then he stood there shaking as if a dozen agues had taken charge of him at once, and so weak that he thought he must surely fall to the ground. He knew where he was. He knew he was within five steps of the stile leading into Widow Douglas's grounds. Very well, he thought, let them bury it there; it won't be hard to find. 5. What sound in this passage is associated with suspense? 6. What sound particularly frightens Huck?

8. Conflict: A Sea of Troubles
Mark Twain knew how to write exciting adventure, as can be seen from Tom Sawyer.
Tom always seems to be getting into trouble and facing one conflict are defined below.

9. Conflict
Conflict, or the clash of opposing forces, is an important part of most plots
Five types of conflict are defined below
Character vs. character
Character vs. self: the character has a physical problem or an inner mental or emotional problem
Character vs. society: character has a problem with a part of society (government, school, tradition, etc.)
Character vs. nature: the character has a problem with some force of nature (cold, storm, etc.)
Character vs. fate: character has a problem with a force such as fate, luck, or God

10. Read the folloowing passages from your assignment and list a conflict present in each passage. Though most passages will reflect several conflicts, you only have to identify one.
After you list the conflict, explaiin specifically who or what is involved.

11. #1
Tom: “Do you know Robin Hood, Huck?...He was one of the greatest men that was ever in England—and the best. He was a robber.”
“Cracky, I wisht I was. Who did he rob?”
“Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings such like.”
Conflict
Who was involved in the conflict?

12. #2
When they [Tom and Huck] reached the haunted house there was something so weird and grisly about the dead silence that reigned there under the baking sun, and something so depressing about the loneliness and desolation of the place that they were afraid, for a moment, to venture in.
Conflict
Who was involved in the conflict?

13. #3
Huck: “… But won’t the widow take it [the treasure] away from us, Tom? It’s on her land.”
Conflict
Who was involved in the conflict?

14. #4
Huck: “… This kind of thing’s too awful, here this time of night with witches and ghosts a-fluttering around so. I feel as if something’s behind me all the time; and I’m afeard to turn around.”
Conflict
Who was involved in the conflict?

15. #5 Injun Joe’s partner: “ Now you won’t need to do that job.”
The half-breed frowned. Said he: “You don’t know me. Least you don’t know all about that thing. ‘Tain’t robbery altogether– it’s revenge!”
Conflict
Who was involved in the conflict?

16. #6
They [Tom and Huck] did not talk much. They were too much absorbed in hating themselves– hating the ill luck that made them take the spade and the pick there… Bitter, bitter luck that the tools were ever brought there.
Conflict
Who was involved in the conflict?

17. Character Development
Novels trace the development of characters who encounter a series of challenges.
Most characters contain a complex balance of virtues and vices.
Internal and external forces require characters to question themselves, overcome fears, or reconsider dreams.
The protagonist may undergo profound change.
A close study of character development maps, in each character, the evolution of motivation, personality, and belief.
The tension between a character’s strengths and weaknesses keeps the reader guessing about what might happen next and the protagonist’s eventual success or failure.

18. Character Development
Chapter XXIII gives the best depiction of Tom’s maturation, reflecting his
character development.
In Chapter X, after witnessing the murder of Dr. Robinson, he and Huck had taken a blood oath, on pain of dropping down dead, that they would never tell anyone what they saw.
Motivated entirely by fear of Injun Joe, their silence may very well cost an innocent man his life.
But as Muff Potter’s trial proceeds toward the certainty of a guilty verdict, Tom suffers increasing torments of conscience, leading up to his revelation and testimony.

19. Classwork/ Homework everything can be done on one piece of paper that you turn in
In his 2004 book on Mark Twain, Larzer Ziff maintains that “Tom’s adventures do not follow one another in any necessary order because Twain is not concerned with the evolution of Tom’s character” and that “none of Tom’s adventures alters his character or matures him—he is always the boy he was” (p. 65).
Write your answers to the following questions in complete sentences
Is this view valid?
Why or why not?
Can you find evidence to support Ziff?
Can you find evidence to refute him?
Cite passages from the text to support your view.

20. Classwork/ Homework everything can be done on one piece of paper that you turn in
Does Tom’s choice to testify seem credible in terms of his character as it has been presented to us? Cite any earlier instances of similar behavior that might foreshadow this action.
Based on how Tom’s previous adventures have turned out, what do you think will happen in the end?