1. What does this picture tell us about gender roles?

2. Social learning theory
Albert Bandura

3. Psychodynamic Key Terms Test
Oedipus complex
Electra complex
Penis envy
Castration anxiety
Identification
Internalisation
Psychosexual stages
Phallic stage
Gender identity
Displacement

4. Psychodynamic Evaluation
Is Freud sexist?
Is Freud’s theory scientific?
Can Freud’s theory explain all types of families?

5. Gender
How would social learning theory explain the acquisition of gender role & identity?
Who would serve as ‘Role Models’?
Who does what in your house?

6. Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Role models
Observe
Reward
Punishment
Vicarious reinforcement
Indirect Reinforcement
Direct Reinforcement
Self-direction
Identification
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Reproduction
Internalisation
One each- put into a sentence

7. Can you explain the process using the key terms?
AO1 Paragraph
8 minutes

8. The process of acquiring gender through SLT
First we pay attention to those we identify with (Role Models).
We observe their behaviour.
We retain the information about rewards and punishments of those models (Vicarious Reinforcement).
We then decide which behaviours will be rewarding to imitate- if we expect the reward to outweigh the punishment we are motivated to reproduce it.
If we get rewarded- we are directly reinforced to reproduce it.
If we get punished- we are directly reinforced to not reproduce it.
Once we have internalised gender appropriate behaviour, we ‘Self- Direct’ our own behaviour regardless of reward or punishment.

9. The process of acquiring gender through SLT
First we pay attention to those we __________ with (__________).
We __________ their behaviour.
We __________ the information about __________ and __________ of those models (__________).
We then decide which behaviours will be rewarding to imitate- if we expect the reward to outweigh the punishment we are __________ to __________ it.
If we get rewarded- we are __________ to __________ it.
If we get punished- we are __________ to not __________ it.
Once we have __________ gender appropriate behaviour, we ‘__________’ our own behaviour regardless of reward or punishment.
Highlight Social and Cognitive aspects of SLT

10. What kinds of rewards or punishments?

14. Friends

15. What’s happening with Ben?
Who is his role model?
What has he vicariously learned?
What does he internalise as appropriate behaviour?
What does he expect to happen?
How may this behaviour change when Ross gets involved?

16. Evaluation- Discuss
Is this theory supported or contradicted by the case of David Reimer?
How?
Is this evidence we can rely on though?
If this case doesn’t support SLT, which approach does it support instead?
What did Bussey and Bandura ‘92 find (p.103)?
How does it support SLT?
Although, what key issues should we be aware of when studying children that could render the evidence invalid?
Can this theory explain the way that gender roles have changed over time?
How so?
If it can, then this is a strength as there have been no biological changes which could account for this.
It would also mean that there are implications for the use of media in gender equality.

17. Excellent Exam Questions