1. How the Union was rebuilt
Reconstruction
How the Union was rebuilt

2. North and South Economies during the Civil War

3. North and South Economies during the Civil War
Northern Economy
Southern Economy
Foundation
Industry and Trade
Agriculture
Manufacturing Resources
92% of US industrial output
8% of US industrial output
Food Production
More than twice as much as the South
Less than half as much as the North produced
Employment & Property Ownership
Many citizens worked for someone else and owned no property. Machines reduced the need for agricultural workers
The economy of the South as a whole depended on cash crops (and therefore slavery)
population
71% of US population; 99% free, 1% slave
29% of US population; 67% free, 33% slave
Northern Economy
Southern Economy
Railroads
71% of US railroad network; easy to transport troops
29% of US railroad network; difficult to transport system
Exports and Views on Tariffs
34% of US exports; favored high tariffs to protect American industries and jobs
66%of US exports; favored low tarriffs to keep the price of manufactured goods affordable

4. Reconstruction (1865-1877) So we know…
During the War, the North had the upperhand economically
the North wins the War shortly following the victory of Sherman in Atlanta
The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in the South (which helped the Union win the War)
Slaves were not freed in the North
What else do we need about the War and its effects?
The North had three aims/ goals during the Civil War
Restoring the Union
Emancipation (as a military necessity)
Equality for all free men
The North (Union) was successful in with the first two, but the third fell short

5. Reconstruction ( )
Two groups with two very different ideas about rebuilding the South after the Civil War
Presidents Lincoln and Johnson
Radical Republicans
Lincoln (and eventually Johnson) were proponents (supporters) of moderate Reconstruction Policies
They wanted to bring the South back into the Union immediately
The Ten Percent Plan required Southern states to complete three (3) tasks to re-enter the Union
Ratify the 13th Amendment
Repudiate (denounce/ reject) secession
10% of each state’s voters must take an oath of allegiance

6. Reconstruction ( )
Radical Republicans were proponents of harsh actions against the South
They wanted to protect the rights of and guarantee equality of newly freed slaves
Proposed the Wade-Davis Bill  ratification of the 13th Amendment; 50% allegiance
Vetoed by President Lincoln
Also known as Congressional Reconstruction
Lincoln was assassinated before being able to implement his plan of moderate Reconstruction  VP Andrew Johnson became president and continued the Plan for Lincoln
Johnson appointed Union governors in the South to ensure compliance
Issues between the majority Radical Republican Congress and Johnson arose  as Congress pushed bills that favored their goals, Johnson continued to veto
President Johnson was impeached (charged with misconduct; not a conviction of wrongdoing) by Congress in 1867, but failed to remove from office

7. Reconstruction ( )
Following Johnson, Congress was able to submit the First Reconstruction Act. It reversed progress by Lincoln and Johnson. It did the following:
Divided South into 5 military districts with military governors
Required voting rights and political power for blacks
Revision or creation of new state constitutions to include 13th, 14th, 15th amendments
What was the intention of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
13th Amendment  abolished slavery
14th Amendment  equal protection of and application of the law
15th Amendment  extended voting rights (“not to be abridged on the account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”; what about women?)
Election of 1876, President Hayes (R) wins by electoral votes (not popular)  the Compromise of 1877 = Hayes agreed to terms of Dem.; appoint Southern Cabinet, removal of federal troops in the South, and collapse of Republican govts led to the end of Reconstruction