1. Earth’s Structure and Motion
Ch. 4

2. Nebular Hypothesis
Ch. 4

3. Nebular Hypothesis
Theory that states how we believe our SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED.
DIFFERENT FROM THE BIG BANG THEORY THAT STATES HOW WE BELIEVE OUR UNIVERSE FORMED.

4. Nebular Hypothesis How our solar system was formed :
Started as a large cloud of gas and dust that slowly started to rotate.
As it spun, it got smaller (condensed) and spun faster which made it get hotter.
10% of the material in the cloud formed a plate like material.
Different forces caused these materials to condense and form ice and rock.
Spun until they became planets.

5. Nebular Hypothesis Honors:
How our solar system was formed :
The solar system started as a large interstellar cloud of dust and gas (giant molecular cloud).
The cloud contracted due to gravity and began to rotate.
Most of the dust and gas collected in the center to form a protostar with a protoplanetary disk of material around it.
The protostar ignited to become the sun and dust and gas in the disk collected into planetesimals, protoplanets, ice, and rock.
The protoplanets collided violently to form larger bodies: the planets. Rotation continued and collisions became less frequent. The solar system as we know it today exists.

6. Earth’s Layers
Ch. 4

7. Earth’s Layers

8. Crust Solid rock Thinnest layer
Made up of continental crust (land) and oceanic crust (under the ocean)
Continental crust is mostly GRANITE
Oceanic crust is mostly BASALT
Divided into tectonic plates
Similar to the skin of an apple/shell of an egg.
About 5-50km thick (3-30 miles)

9. Mantle Thickest layer Makes up about 83% of the Earth’s volume
Contains iron, magnesium, SILICON
Mostly made up of magma
Has convection currents which cause the tectonic plates to move
Average Temp is about 3000°C (water boils at 100°C)
Contains part of the lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) and the asthenosphere (lower mantle).

10. Outer Core Made up of LIQUID nickel and iron 4000-5000°C
This layer is responsible for Earth’s magnetism
2nd thickest layer

11. Inner Core Made up of SOLID iron and nickel due to intense PRESSURE
About °C
The most dense layer
3,000,000 times the pressure at sea level

12. Earth’s Motion
Ch. 4

13. Rotation Spinning of Earth around it’s axis.
Takes Earth 1 day/24 hours to complete 1 full rotation.
Causes day and night.
Created time zones due to rotation: 24 time zones (24 hours in a day) around the world. Each 15˚ wide per time zone called a time meridian.
International Date Line – imaginary line at which the date changes. 180˚longitude

15. Revolution The movement of Earth in it’s orbit around the sun.
Takes Earth 1 year/365 ¼ days to make 1 revolution
IN ADDITION to earth’s tilt (23.5˚), revolution causes the change in seasons.

16. This is not notes, goes into venn diagram

17. Rotation Spinning of Earth around it’s axis.
Put in Venn Diagram on LEFT:
Takes Earth 1 day/24 hours to complete 1 full rotation.
Causes day and night.
Created time zones due to rotation: 24 time zones (24 hours in a day) around the world. Each 15˚ wide per time zone called a time meridian.
International Date Line – imaginary line at which the date changes. 180˚longitude

18. Revolution The movement of Earth in it’s orbit around the sun.
Put in Venn Diagram on RIGHT:
Takes Earth 1 year/365 ¼ days to make 1 revolution
IN ADDITION to earth’s tilt, revolution causes the change in seasons.

19. What’s the same? Put this in Venn Diagram in the middle:
Earth is ALWAYS tilted at a 23.5˚ angle.
Both involve the movement of the Earth in some way.
Both cause a change.

20. Venn Diagram: Rotation Revolution Day/Night 24 hours Time Zones
Seasons
365 ¼ days
Axis tilted at 23.5
Movement
change