1. Chapter 14 The Coming of War
Section 1
Dictators of War

2. Section focus
Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do?

3. Bitter Peace Unravels Post WWI = US, FRA, ENG make all decisions
Treaty of Versailles
Italy and Japan expect more land/territories
Totalitarianism
Single party or leader controls, economic, social, and cultural lives of its people. (see chart 437)
Historians blame destruction and bitterness of WWI and desperation brought about by Great Depression

4. USSR 1917 communist Revolution = Vlad Lenin
1924 Joseph Stalin replaces Lenin
Stain translates to “Man of Steel” in Russia
“suspicious, cruel, ruthless, tyrannical”
Communist Idealism causes 10 MILLION Deaths!!
State run farms lead to famine
Imprisoned 1 MILLION political enemies
Most leading Army officials
Fear+Propaganda = Stalin Power

5. Fascism fas·cism noun \fa-shi-zəm Definition of FASCISM
often capitalized : a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

6. Italy Totalitarianism in Italy direct result of WWI/treaties
Italy on winning side
Doesn’t get land it wanted
Depression = high unemployment = communist movement growing
Benito Mussolini
Fascism
Opposes democracy and communism
Controls Press, military, secret police
Promises to make Italy great again

7. Mussolini Youth
Mussolini/Fascist very involved in youth culture

8. Germany Weimar Republic
German attempt at democratic government post WWI
Hyperinflation
Anger of harsh treatment over Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression makes problems in Germany worse
Right wing Nationalist Socialist Party rises (NAZI)
Not socialist or communist
Promotes German ethnic solidarity

9. Hyper Inflation

10. Hyper Inflation

11. Hyper Inflation

12. Rise of Hitler Bio “Mein Kampf” – “My struggle” book Austrian
WWI soldier (injured)
Joins NAZI party
“Mein Kampf” – “My struggle” book
Lays out Germany’s problems
Believes biggest problem = Jews (violently anti-Semitic)
Presents blueprint for world domination
National Best Seller

13. Rise of Hitler Nazi party gaining power in 1933
Weimar Republic recognizes power and appoints Hitler “Chancellor of Germany”
Hitler takes advantage of economy, unemployment, homelessness, and hunger
1935 Hitler consolidates power
Makes himself President and Chancellor
Become singular voice of Germany
Massive pubic works and military spending get Germany out of Depression

14. Japan Great Depression ends social gains n Japan in 1930’s.
Military leaders argue Japanese expansion will end economic woes
Constitutional Monarchy
NO Stalin, Mussolini, or Hitler figure emerges
Invade China

15. Dictators turn to Aggression
Japan invades Chins
Rape of Nanjing
Weakness of League of Nations
USA never joins
Has no authority
1935 Mussoilini (Italy) invades Ethiopia
Haile Selassie appeals to League of Nations
No help

16. Hitler/German Aggression
Hitler rebuild economy
Enlarges Armed Forces
Violation of Treaty of Versailles
Lebensraum
Hitler believes that German race needs more “living space”
Wants to reunify all German speaking peoples
Sends troops to Rhineland
League of Nations does nothing

17. Fascist Revolt in Spain
Mussolini + Hitler send troops to Spain
France, England, US stay on sidelines

18. Appeasement Granting concession to potential enemy to keep the peace.
France/ Britain use strategy
Appeasement makes dictators more bold and aggressive
WWI is origin of strategy
US to busy being depressed to care about Euros

19. Anschluss/ Munich Pact
1938 Hitler brings Austria in his Reich
Austria has no choice but except invite
Munich Pact
Britain and France appease Hitler give him Sudetenland
Avoids war for 11 months

20. Section Focus
Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do?
Weak democratic governments were not able to ease the severe economic problems caused by the great depression, and people turned to stronger types of governments that promised relief.