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The Macromolecules of the Cell

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Presentation on theme: "The Macromolecules of the Cell"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Macromolecules of the Cell
Chapter 3: The Macromolecules of the Cell

2 Classes of Proteins Enzymes Structural Motility Regulatory Transport
Hormonal Receptors Defensive Storage

3 Amino Acids Amino group Carboxyl (acid) group

4 R groups Leucine (Leu) Serine (Ser) Aspartic acid (Asp) Hydrophobic
LE 3-12b R groups Leucine (Leu) Serine (Ser) Aspartic acid (Asp) Hydrophobic Hydrophilic

5

6 Primary Structure Amino acids

7 Secondary Structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Alpha helix
Pleated sheet

8 Tertiary Structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Alpha helix Pleated sheet
Polypeptide (single subunit of transthyretin)

9 Quaternary Structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Alpha helix
Pleated sheet Polypeptide (single subunit of transthyretin) Transthyretin, with four identical polypeptide subunits

10 Nucleic Acids Subunit (monomer) is a nucleotide
Blueprints for proteins 2 types DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA – Ribonucleic Acid

11 Nucleotide Nitrogenous base (A) Sugar Phosphate group

12 Nucleotide

13 Polysaccharides

14 Glucose Fructose Aldosugar Ketosugar

15 Fischer Haworth

16 Glucose Maltose

17 Glycosidic Bonds Alpha Beta

18 Polysaccharides STARCH GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE Starch granules in
potato tuber cells Glycogen granules in muscle tissues Cellulose fibrils in a plant cell wall Cellulose molecules GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE STARCH Glucose monomer

19 Lipids Fatty Acids Triacylglycerols Phospholipids Glycolipids Steroids
Terpenes

20 Fatty Acids

21 Triacylglycerols Glycerol Fatty acid

22 Phospholipids

23 Glycolipids

24 Steroids O CH3 C OH O H O

25 Cholesterol: The steroid precursor

26 Terpenes

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