1. STRESS, COPING, AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
CHAPTER 4
STRESS, COPING,
AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

2. STRESS AND COPING Stress Stress and Coping Coping Skills
Emotional response to behavioral, biochemical, physiological changes related to acute or chronic challenges known as stressors.
Stress and Coping
Ability to cope depends on individual vulnerability and resilience.
Coping Skills
Characteristic ways of dealing with difficulties.
Coping Processes
Seek pertinent information
Share concerns with others.
Redefine situation to make it more solvable.
Consider alternatives and examine consequences.
Use humor to defuse situation.

3. STRESS AND VULNERABILITY

4. TYPES OF DENIAL OF STRESS

5. THE COPING PROCESS

6. AIDS TO BEHAVIORAL COPING

7. SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL, BODILY, AND BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS TO STRESS

8. TWO EXAMPLES OF TASK-ORIENTED COPING

9. STRESSFUL SITUATIONS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS
Unexpected situations
Accidents and natural disasters
Personal crises
Bereavement and grief
Life Transitions
Birth and child development
Adolescence
Going to college
Entry into the workforce
Marriage
Bearing and raising children
Establishing a new residence
Children’s milestones
Retirement

10. FACTORS THAT HEIGHTEN RISK FOR POOR OUTCOME OF BEREAVEMENT

11. BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BEREAVEMENT
Crying
Agitation, restlessness
Preoccupation with deceased
Social withdrawal
Decreased concentration
Depressed mood
Anxiety
Physiological
Muscular weakness
Sighing
Sleep disturbance
Immunological changes
Endocrine changes
Cardiovascular changes
Decreased body weight

12. CLINICAL REACTIONS TO STRESS
Adjustment Disorder
Acute Stress Disorder
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia
Localized amnesia
Selective amnesia
Generalized amnesia
Continuous amnesia
Systemized amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depersonalization

13. NORMAL AND ABNORMAL RESPONSES TO STRESS

14. INFORMATION NEEDED IN MAKING A DIAGNOSIS OF ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
Time of onset and duration of stressor
Symptoms must develop within 3 months after onset.
Duration of symptoms
Usually less than 6 months
Depressed mood, and/or anxiety, and/or inappropriate or antisocial conduct

15. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ACUTE STRESS DISORDER
Exposure to an extreme event that evokes fear, helplessness, or horror
Dissociative symptoms
Persistent reexperiencing of the event
Marked avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event
Marked anxiety and arousal
Clinically significant symptoms that
last for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks, and
emerge within 4 weeks of the traumatic event, and
are not due to the effect of a substance or general medical condition.

16. MAJOR FEATURES OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

17. TREATING STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS
Supportive Therapy
Medications
Relaxation Training
Systematic Desensitization
Cognitive Modification
Social Intervention