1. PHRASES
A phrase is a group of words that contains no subject/predicate set and acts as a single part of speech. A phrase is not a complete idea.

2. Difference between phrases and clauses:
Clauses have subjects and predicates.
Phrases don’t.

3. Appositive phrase: An appositive is an interrupting definition.
Botticelli, the Renaissance painter, painted angels.
My friend Hamlet is a woodworking artist.
We always enclose appositive states and appositive years in commas:
Athens, Greece, is the site of the Parthenon.
June 20, 2020, is the date of the departure.
NOTICE: We put commas before and after appositives. Don’t forget the second appositive comma!
READ ONLY: Notice what happens if you forget:
Botticelli, the Renaissance painter painted angels. (sounds like a noun of direct address)

4. Prepositional phrase: A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with the object of the preposition.
Example: the dog in the boat
(The preposition in shows a spatial relationship between its object boat and the noun dog.)
READ ONLY: Prepositional phrases behave as modifiers; that is, they act like big adjectives or big adverbs. In the sentence, The dog in the boat barked, the prepositional phrase [in the boat] acts as an adjective to modify the noun dog.

5. VERBALS
Verbal: A verb form used as a different part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.
READ ONLY:
Gerunds are nouns (made of verbs).
Participles are adjectives (made of verbs).
Infinitives are nouns or modifiers (made of verbs).
In other words, when we change a verb into a different part of speech, we call it a verbal.

6. VERBALS CONTINUED… GERUND: a noun made from an –ing verb.
Examples: Clear thinking is good I quit joking.
PARTICIPLE: An adjective made out of a verb (always ends with –ing, -ed, d, or –en).
Example: The river was so swollen.
The running water made the ground slick.
INFINITIVE: A noun or modifier made from the to- form of the verb.
Examples: To think, to dream, to snorkel, to exercise.
To think is a pleasure.

7. GERRINGS ADJECIPLES TOFINITIVES
JUST REMEMBER…
GERRINGS
ADJECIPLES
TOFINITIVES

8. Mrs. Henrikson is the best Love, Christina 