1. Chem: Ch 1 – Matter & Change

2. What is CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the study of:
The composition, structure, and properties of matter
The processes that matter undergoes
The energy changes that accompany these process
In simpler terms, chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

3. What is a CHEMICAL?
A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition.

4. What are the 6 BRANCHES of chemistry?
1. Analytical: separation and identification of chemicals in different materials
2. Organic: study of carbon containing compounds (fuels and plastics)
3. Physical: study of properties and changes of matter and relation to energy
4. Biochemistry: study of substances and processes in living things
5. Inorganic: study of substances not containing carbon
6. Theoretical: use of math and computers to design and predict properties of new compounds

5. What are the 3 types of chemical research?
1. Applied research: done to solve a problem (example: ozone destruction)
2. Technological development: production or use of products that improves life quality (example: computers, glasses/contacts)
3. Basic research: Research carried out for the sake of learning (just to know more)

6. What is MATTER? Anything that has mass and volume
Composed of tiny moving particles  atoms
Atoms: smallest unit of an element that keeps its properties
Mass: measure of the amount of matter (grams)
Volume: measure of how much space the matter takes up (liters)
Extensive properties: depend on the amount of matter that is present
Intensive properties: does not depend on the amount of matter present

7. States of Matter
Physical changes of a substance from one state to another.
Use your card sort to fill in the properties for each state of matter.

8. Physical Separation Techniques (8)
1. Centrifugation: Process of separating a mixture based on densities of particles (example: blood separation)
2. Chromatography: Separation of a mixture where components move up paper at different rates (example: ink, dyes, makeup products)
3. Filtration: Physical separation of mixture based on size of particles (example: colander for noodles, coffee filter)

9. Physical Separation Techniques (8)
4. Distillation: Separates 2 or more liquids based on boiling points
5. Decantation: Careful pouring off of a liquid containing both a liquid and a solid
6. Magnetic separation

10. Physical Separation Techniques (8)
7. Vaporization: Liquid evaporated off to leave behind a solid (aka: evaporation)
8. Recrystallization: Dissolving a mixture in a hot or cold solvent (liquid); allowing to cool for recrystallization

11. Physical Properties
Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance
Examples:
Color
Length
Melting point
Density
Electrical conductivity

12. Physical Changes
A change in substance that does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance.
Examples:
Cutting
Grinding
Tearing
Melting
Boiling

13. Chemical Properties
A substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
Examples:
Ability to rust?
Ability to tarnish?
Ability to burn?
Ability to react with acids?

14. Chemical Changes
A change in which one or more substances are converted to different substances.
Generally irreversible.
Examples:
Baking
Burning
Rusting
Digestion
Decomposition

15. Evidence of Chemical Change
Bubbles produced (gas given off)
Temperature change
Solid is formed
Color change
Light produced
New odor produced

16. Periodic Table Basics
Groups or Families: Vertical columns; numbered 1-18; all chemicals in the same column have similar properties
Periods: Horizontal rows; numbered 1- 7; bottom 2 rows fit in after elements 57 and 89

17. Periodic Table Basics Metals Non-metals Metalloids Thermal conductors
Electrical conductors
Majority of PTE
Higher tensile strength (resist breaking when pulled)
Ductile: turned into wire
Malleable: made into sheets
Shiny/luster
Almost all are solids at room temp (except Hg)
Metalloids
Means “metal-like”
Characteristics of both metals and non-metals
Semi-conductors of heat and electricity
7 elements border a zig-zag line
Sb, Po, B, Si, Ge, As, Te
Non-metals
Poor electrical/thermal conductors
Very few solids
Many are gases
Dull (not shiny)
Brittle (break easily)
Right side of periodic table
Include noble gases

19. Noble Gases Full outer shell of electrons
Rarely react with other chemicals
Last column of the periodic table (Group/Family 18)