1. Bacteria, Classification, and Kingdoms Review Sheet
Quiz Date
Tuesday, April 27th

2. Format (it will be on Scantron)
Multiple Choice
Matching
True/False
Short Answer

3. What to study? Use your notes (Unit 1)
Bacteria to Plants Book (Sections 1-3, 1-4, & 2-2)
Worksheets and Labs

4. This review sheet covers the majority of the information on the test, but it may not cover all of it. It is always a good idea to reread the book sections, notes, & labs.

5. Classification and Kingdoms
Define classification and give an example of a classification system.
The process of grouping things based on their similarities.
All the kids in Wilmette are grouped into different grades (K-8) based on their ages and when they were born.
Sports teams, Math Classes, etc.

6. Classification and Kingdoms
What is taxonomy? A taxonomic key?
The scientific study of how living things are classified
A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.

7. Classification and Kingdoms
Using the taxonomic key on pg. 37, what is the identity of the organism in figure 16?
Pseudoscorpion

8. Classification and Kingdoms
How did Aristotle classify organisms?
Three groups:
Those that fly
Those that swim
Those that walk, crawl, or run

9. Classification and Kingdoms
How did Carolus Linnaeus classify organisms?
Grouped organisms based on their observabal features. He used his observations to devise a naming system for organisms – binomial nomenclature.

10. Classification and Kingdoms
What did Charles Darwin contribute to classification?
Published a theory about how species change over time.
Provided evidence that certain organisms are similar because they share similar evolutionary histories.

11. Classification and Kingdoms
What are the six kingdoms of life?
Archaeabacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plant
Animal

12. Bacteria What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Remember PRO rhymes with NO.
Prokaryotic = No nucleus
Eukaryotic = Has a nucleus

13. Bacteria
What are the three shapes of bacteria? (Give their scientific and common names.)
Rod Shaped – Bacilli
Spiral – Spirilla
Round - Cocci

14. Bacteria What organelles does a bacteria cell contain? Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Flagellum
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane

15. Bacteria Compare and contrast the two kingdoms of bacteria.
Both are unicellular and prokaryotic
Eubacteria:
Live Everywhere
Helpful Bacteria
Archaea bacteria:
Chemical differences
Extreme environments

16. Bacteria
How are archaea bacteria classified? What about non-archaea (eu)bacteria?
Archaea: Classified by where they live
Eubacteria: The role they play in the environment

17. Bacteria
 Below are three types of archaea bacteria. Describe the environment of each one.
Methanogens: produce methane
Halophiles: live in salty places
Thermophiles: live in extreme temperatures

18. Bacteria Below are three types of eubacteria. Describe each one.
Producers: transform energy from sunlight into energy that can be used by cells
Decomposers: break down large chemicals into smaller ones
Parasites: live on or in a host, causing it harm.

19. Bacteria What is an endospore? A flagellum?
Endospore: Small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacteria cell when conditions are unfavorable.
Flagellum: Long, whiplike structure that extends out through a cell membrane and cell wall. It helps the cell move.

20. Bacteria What is binary fission?
A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.

21. Bacteria What is conjugation?
The process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism.
It does not produce offspring! After information is transferred, the cells must undergo binary fission!

22. Bacteria How are binary fission and conjugation related?
Binary fission and conjugation are both types of reproduction. Conjugation involves two parents sharing information, but in order for offspring to be produced, all bacteria cells must undergo binary fission.

23. Bacteria Describe five ways that bacteria are helpful to humans.
Fuel: Methane produced by archaebacteria is a major component in natural gas
Food: Cheese, yogurt, apple cider, olives, etc – all are made with the help of bacteria!
Environmental Recycling: Decomposers break down large chemicals into smaller ones.
Environmental Cleanup: Remember Lead, SD? The bacteria ate the cyanide.
Health and Medicine: Digestive system’s BFF. Also, helps with the production of some medicines

24. Bacteria What is an antibiotic? What causes antibiotic resistance?
A chemical that can kill a bacteria.
Antibiotic resistance is caused by:
Not finishing a course of antibiotics
Over-use of antibiotics
Prescribing antibiotics when they aren’t necessary
The resistant DNA is shared with non-resistant bacteria

25. Bacteria What is a vaccine?
A substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses, bacteria, or other disease-causing organisms.

26. Bacteria Explain the Zone of Inhibition.
The zone of inhibition is the clear area around an antibiotic disk. The clear area indicates that the bacteria was not able to grow there. The larger the zone of inhibition, the better the antibiotic fights that bacteria.

27. Your test is on Tuesday!
It is on Scantron – don’t forget a pencil. Pen is not allowed!