1. Transcription and Translation
Read the lesson title aloud to students.

2. See if you can remember -
DNA contains the information to make proteins.
Where is the cell’s DNA?
In the nucleus of the cell
Where are proteins assembled?
On the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
How does the information in DNA get to the ribosomes and then how is that information used to make proteins?

3. Learning Objectives
Explain how transcription and translation work.

4. Comparing RNA and DNA
The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose.
RNA is generally single-stranded, not double-stranded.
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.

5. Messenger RNA
An mRNA molecule is a copy of the DNA that will be used to make a protein.

6. mRNA Synthesis: Transcription
In transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary mRNA molecules
RNA – C binds with G and A binds with U.

7. How would the following gene be transcribed?
DNA
T -
C -
G -
A -

8. How would the following gene be transcribed?
DNA mRNA
T - A
C - G
T - A
G - C
A - U

9. How would the following gene be transcribed?
DNA
G -
A -
T -
C -

10. How would the following gene be transcribed?
DNA mRNA
G - C
A - U
T - A
C - G

11. After being made in the nucleus, mRNA travels to the cytoplasm, the site of protein synthesis

12. Proteins
Proteins are made of strings of amino acids.
It is the sequence of amino acids that determine the properties of the protein.

13. The Genetic Code: Codons
The genetic code is read in three-letter groupings called codons.
A codon is a group of three nucleotide bases in messenger RNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
AUG
AAC
UCU

14. The Genetic Code
Page 303 of the old book
Go to Section:

15. Translation - mRNA to protein
Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the amino acid specified by the codon to the ribosome where the amino acids are strung together to make a protein. .

16. Figure 12–18 Translation Section 12-3 mRNA Go to Section: Nucleus
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus.
mRNA
Lysine
Phenylalanine
tRNA
Methionine
Ribosome
mRNA
Start codon
Go to Section:

17. How would the following gene be translated?
mRNA A G U
Amino Acid
Page 303 in the old Biology book

18. How would the following gene be translated?
mRNA C G A
Amino Acid

19. How would the following gene be translated?
mRNA C G A
Amino Acid
Arginine
Aspartic Acid