1. Circulatory and Excretory Systemspp

2. Every cell in the body produces metabolic waste.
The skin, lungs, and kidneys make up this system.

4. BLOOD Transports nutrients, O2, CO2, & waste
Made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

5. Plasma
Made of 90% water, sugar, salts, amino acids, vitamins, minerals
Yellow in color

6. Plasma

7. SKIN
Excretes water, salts, small amounts of nitrogenous wastes

8. LUNGS
Excretes water vapor and CO2

9. KIDNEYS Formation and excretion of urine
Mostly water to keep wastes dissolved and easier to excrete
EX. kidney stones

10. FILTRATION
Blood forced into kidneys to clean out urea, wastes, excess water, and various substances in the blood stream

11. REABSORPTION
Some substances return to blood maintain balance

12. ELIMINATION
Urine passes through the ureters to be stored in bladder until it is secreted through the urethra

13. URINE
Normally made of urea (from broken down proteins), water, and salt
Very light yellow color

14. WHAT URINE TELLS US
Proteins may leak into the urine if the kidney is damaged
Too dark in color indicates dehydration
Brown color indicates bleeding from the kidneys
Urine will have a high glucose count if the individual is diabetic
Low or no glucose indicates hypoglycemia, which results from too much insulin

15. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus trigger release of ADH.
Figure
Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus trigger release of ADH.
Thirst
Hypothalamus
Drinking reduces blood osmolarity to set point.
ADH
Increased permeability
Pituitary gland
Distal tubule
STIMULUS: Increase in blood osmolarity (for instance, after sweating profusely)
Figure Regulation of fluid retention in the kidney by antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
H2O reab- sorption helps prevent further osmolarity increase.
Collecting duct
Homeostasis: Blood osmolarity (300 mOsm/L)

16. HOMEOSTASIS
Urine production is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
An increase in water in your blood triggers the release of ADH, causing your kidneys to take up more water to be excreted out