1. AIM: How does excretion in humans remove harmful wastes?

3. How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory system?

4. How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory system?
The circulatory system transports the metabolic wastes from the body cells to the various excretory organs

5. What is the life process of excretion?
The removal of metabolic wastes produced by the body cells

6. How is excretion different from egestion?
Egestion – the removal of the wastes of digestion – FECES

7. What are the five major waste products produced by your cells?
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Salts (minerals)
Urea
Heat

8. How do these wastes move from the body cells to your excretory system organs?
The Circulatory System!

9. What are the major organs of the Excretory System?
Kidney
Skin
Lungs
Liver

10. How does the Skin aid in the removal of wastes?
Perspiration: Gets rid of water, salt, and heat
Has 2 to 5 million sweat glands
Blood Vessels
Sweat Gland

11. How do the Lungs aid in the removal of wastes?
Exhalation
Excretes water, CO2, and heat

12. How do the Kidneys aid in the removal of wastes?
Produce urine and regulate water/salt balance in the blood.
**major organ of the excretory system**

13. What is the major filtering unit of the kidney?
The Nephron
Each kidney is made of 1 million nephrons to filter the blood

14. B Glomerulous A Bowman’s Capsule Loop Of Henle Collecting Duct D E
Description/Function A
Tiny ball of capillaries located at the beginning of each nephron (site of filtration) B
Cup-shaped portion of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulous (site of filtration) C
Site of Reabsorption and Secretion D
All remaining substances in the nephron enter here; Filtrate is now called Urine (Excretion) E
Transports unfiltered blood to the kidney; enables diffusion/active transport of substances into/out of nephron; Transports filtered blood back to the heart B
Glomerulous A
Bowman’s Capsule
Loop Of Henle
Collecting Duct D E
Blood Vessels C

15. The Nephron

16. Nephron Will blood cells and proteins be filtered into the nephron?
Blood Processing:
Filtration:
Arteries transport blood to the kidney (nephron)
Urea, water, Glucose, and salts (minerals) are filtered out by diffusion/active transport
No!! Way too Big!!!

17. Nephron Blood Processing: Reabsorption:
Substances still needed by the body are removed from the filtrate and reenter the blood via diffusion/active transport
Ex: glucose, water, minerals (NOT urea)

18. Nephron Blood Processing: Secretion:
Kidneys remove certain substances from the blood and add them to the filtrate.
Ex: Salts, Water

19. Nephron Blood Processing: Excretion:
Urine has been formed! Will be moved to the bladder to be excreted from the body

20. The Nephron

21. The Nephron C D B A E F

22. What is urine? The sterile fluid produced by the kidneys
Mostly water but contains urea and salts

23. How does the LIVER aid in the removal of wastes?
Produces urea from breaking down amino acids (ammonia to urea)

24. What are the major organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys – produce urine
Ureters – carries urine from
the kidneys to bladder
Bladder – stores urine
Urethra – releases the urine

25. The Urinary System

26. How does our excretory system help maintain homeostasis?
Temperature balance
Water balance
Waste balance

27. Diabetes Insipidus What is it?
Excretion of large amounts of watery urine
Unquenchable thirst
What Causes It?
Kidney is not reabsorbing water
Back into the bloodstream
How do you treat it?
Medicine

28. Kidney Stones

29. Kidney Stones What Causes It?
Not drinking enough water to dilute the minerals/salts
being filtered out
What is it?
Urine is extremely concentrated forming crystallized stones which can block the urinary tract
How do you treat it?
Some pass through the urinary tract, surgery, shock wave therapy

30. Shock Wave Therapy

31. Who gets kidney stones?
For unknown reasons, the number of people in the United States with kidney stones has been increasing over the past 20 years.
White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans.
Stones occur more frequently in men.
Kidney stones strike most typically between the ages of 20 and 40.
Once a person gets more than one stone, others are likely to develop.

32. Kidney Failure What Causes It?
Traumatic injury, Drugs/Toxins, Infection, high blood pressure, and diabetes
What is it?
Low rate of filtration; nephron’s are not working properly in both kidneys
How do you treat it?
Dialysis; Kidney Transplant

33. Dialysis