1. Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2
Lecture 04
Faheem ahmed
Lecturer, CNET Dept.,
Jazan University, Jazan KSA
Computer Evolution and Performance

2. History and generation of computers

3. Generation of Computers
First generation.
Second generation.
Third generation.

4. The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes ENIAC The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), designed and constructed at the University of Pennsylvania, was the world’s first general purpose electronic digital computer. The project was a response to U.S. needs during World War II.
Von neumaan machine is the example of first generation .
Large in size
Produce more heat
Machine language was used
Difficult to use.
Magnetic tapes were used
Book Page No 24

5. Vacuum tubes…

6. The Second Generation: Transistors
The first major change in the electronic computer came with the replacement of the vacuum tube by the transistor.
The transistor is smaller, cheaper and dissipates less heat.
Easy to use.
Assembly language is used.
Magnetic disk used.
Book Page No 25

7. Transistors

8. The Third Generation: Integrated Circuits
A single, self-contained transistor is called a discrete component. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, electronic equipment was composed largely of discrete components—transistors, resistors, capacitors, and so on.
These discrete components are then integrated at one place to create a single circuit called as integrated circuit that is IC
Small and faster
Remote login
Book Page No 28

9. Integrated Circuits

10. Generations of computers

11. Generation of computers
Vacuum tube –
Transistor –
Small & Medium scale integration –
Up to 100-3,000 devices on a chip
Large scale integration
3, ,000 devices on a chip
Very large scale integration –
100, ,000,000 devices on a chip
Ultra large scale integration – till now
Over 100,000,000 devices on a chip
Book Page No 26

12. Moore’s Law
Number of transistors on a chip will double every year consequences of Moore's law: 1.Cost of a chip has remained almost unchanged 2.Shorter electrical paths, giving higher performance 3.Smaller size gives increased flexibility 4.Reduced power and cooling requirements
Book Page No 30

13. Thank you!!!