1. Chapter 12: Organized Crime Control in Theory: Theoretical Overview, Concepts, Objectives, & Strategies

2. Chapter Outline Introduction & Overview
Organized Crime Control Objectives
Traditional Organized Crime Enforcement: The Prohibition/Enforcement Model
Enforcement Operational Tactics & Techniques
Alternative Organized Crime Control Tactics & Techniques
Best Practices in Organized Crime Control

3. Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should have an understanding of:
The broad objectives of OC control
The difference between OC control & enforcement
The traditional OC prohibition/enforcement model
Traditional OC enforcement strategies
Common enforcement (operational) tactics & techniques
Alternative (non–criminal justice) OC control tactics & techniques & how they differ from traditional criminal justice approaches
Best practices in OC control

4. Introduction
When combating organized crime, criminal justice agencies target one (or more) of the following:
Individual offenders or groups of offenders
Criminal activities (specific commodities)
The fruits of the criminal activity
Consumers of illegal products/services
Underground markets

5. Introduction

6. Organized Crime Control Objectives
Ideally the goal is eradication, but this is not realistic
Instead, the more realistic goal is one of containment
However, even this has been difficult to achieve given the proliferation of OC groups & activities over the years
At a tactical level, goals include: dismantling of criminal organizations and/or stopping specific criminal activities & interdicting illegal goods
This has also proved difficult as groups continue & the black market is awash with goods & services
Thus, more realistic goals include punishing (incarcerating) individual offenders & harm reduction

7. Introduction

8. Traditional Organized Crime Enforcement: The Prohibition/Enforcement Model
Two fundamental elements:
the prohibition (criminalization) of particular goods & services by the state that are deemed personally & socially harmful, &
the enforcement of such laws by the state through the criminal justice system (cops, courts, & corrections).

9. Traditional Organized Crime Enforcement: The Prohibition/Enforcement Model
Five Broad OC Enforcement Strategies
detection & interdiction
investigative function
intelligence function
prosecution, &
punishment

10. Enforcement Operational Tactics And Techniques
Witnesses, Informants, & Agents
Witness Protection Programs
Surveillance
Physical surveillance
Electronic surveillance (Part IV Investigation)
Undercover Operation
Sting vs. Reverse Sting
Controlled Delivery
Search & Seizure (Obtaining Physical Evidence)
Proceeds of Crime/Money Laundering Enforcement
Asset Forfeiture
The Urban & Highway Patrol Function
Multi-Agency Cooperation & Coordination

11. Alternative Organized Crime Control Tactics and Techniques
Prevention (targeting hardening, criminality prevention, regulation of vulnerable industries, etc.)
Government Commissions
Tax Enforcement
Currency & Suspicious Transaction Reporting
Government Regulatory Agencies
Civil Remedies
The Armed Forces
National & Foreign Security Intelligence Agencies
Citizen-based Action
Private Sector Initiatives

12. Best Practices in Organized Crime Control
Inter-agency co-operation & coordination
Strategic approach, including a strong intelligence function
Complement criminal enforcement with regulatory, civil, & administrative sanctions
Combining prevention & enforcement
Impact Assessment
Reducing harm inflicted by law enforcement