1. The Byzantine Empire AD 330-1453
Chapter 11- Section 01

2. Geography: Byzantine Empire
What continents did the Byzantine Empire extend to at its height in 565 AD?
Africa, Europe, Asia
What three empires are shown on the map and in what time periods?
Seljuk 1100 AD; Kievan 1100 AD; Byzantine 565 AD
Which two empires battled for control of the region known as Anatolia (modern-day Turkey)?
Seljuk (Turks) vs. Byzantines

3. 4) Describe the advantages of the Byzantine Empire’s location.
- Mediterranean Sea for trade, travel, and Defense
- Location is easy to defend.
5) During what centuries did the Seljuks and Byzantines battle for control of parts of the Middle East?
- 11th and 12th Centuries AD
6) Based on the timeline, what happened to Christianity during the 11th century AD?
- It split between Roman Catholic and Eastern (Greek) Orthodox

4. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
330 AD
Constantinople becomes the capital of the eastern Roman empire.

5. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
Justinian reigns; Byzantine empire is at its peak

6. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
532
Rioters during the “Nika Revolt” set fires that swept through Constantinople

7. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
700s
Byzantine emperor, Leo III, outlaws the worship of icons and fights off Muslim invaders

8. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
1054
Great Schism splits the Church
Greek Orthodox vs. Roman Catholic

9. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
1090s
Western Christians help Byzantine empire in the First Crusade
Pope Urban II called on all Christians to reclaim the Holy Land

10. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
1204
Crusaders attack Constantinople during the 4th Crusade

11. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
1260s
Byzantine emperor reclaims Constantinople

12. Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
1453
Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople

13. Byzantine Empire 330-1453 AD Known as the “Eastern Roman Empire”
The Term “Byzantine Empire” was invented by modern historians 
Capital = Constantinople  
Language = Greek  
Religion = Christianity  

14. Justinian’s Reign (527-565) Aristocratic background
Married a peasant - Theodora  
Emperor after his Uncle’s Death (Justin I)  
-Conside Mosaic of Justinian found at the San Vitale in Ravenna Italy.

15. Justinian’s Reign ( )  
Considered a Saint in Eastern Orthodox Christianity  
called the “Last Roman”  
Procopius is the main historian of Justinian’s time  

16. Justinian’s Accomplishments
1. Justinian’s Code
Uniform Law Code
Consists of 4 main works
Code - consolidated Roman laws into 5,000
Digest - guide of common law for Judges
Institutes - intro/textbook for law students
Novellae - new laws after 534 AD

17. Justinian’s Accomplishments
2. Ended the Nika Revolt
Citizens angry over punishment of chariot race rioters
Some Senators wanted to overthrow Justinian
Rioters yelled “Nika” (“Win”, “Conquer”) while burning and killing
Theodora convinced Justinian to stay
Military generals killed 30,000 rebels

19. Justinian’s Accomplishments
3. Added to the greatness of Constantinople
strengthened city’s defenses
rebuilt the city (after the Nika Revolt)
enlarged his Palace

20. Hagia Sophia (Church of Holy Wisdom)

21. Hagia Sophia

22. Justinian’s Accomplishments
Reunited the Eastern and Western Empires  
General Belisarius led the re-conquests  
Vandals in N. Africa; Ostrogoths in Italy

23. Christianity  Eastern (Greek) Orthodox
Byzantine Religion
Christianity  Eastern (Greek) Orthodox

24. Iconoclasm ( )
Byzantine Emperor Leo III banned the use of Icons as “Idol Worship”
may have been motivated by military defeats to the Muslims
lasts over 100 years

25. ”Great Schism” (1054) Schism = split
Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church split
Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other
Excommunicate = declare someone an outcast from the church

26. Long Term Causes of the Great Schism
(1) Disputes over Papal Authority
(2) Filioque Clause (addition of “and the son”)
(3) Cultural and Linguistic differences

27. Using your textbook, make a list of similarities and differences that still exist today between the two churches (pages )
Roman Catholic
Priests Cannot marry NO divorces Pope has ALL authority over priests, kings, people, etc. Services in Latin
Similarities
Jesus established seven sacraments Believe that holy communion is the most important sacrament both agree that priests are necessary
Eastern Orthodox Priest can marry Patriarch and bishops share the power over church (Kings have more authority) Divorce is allowed sometimes Services in Greek, or the local language

28. Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Justinian Plague (early Black Death)
40% of the population (10,000 per day)  
Impacted taxes and defense

29. Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Foreign threats
North = Slavs, Avars, & Bulgars
West = Lombards (“Longbeards”)  
East = Persians  
South = Arabs  (Muslims) created “Greek Fire” to hold off invasions starting in the 7th century

30. Greek Fire Incendiary weapon used by Byzantines
Used in naval battles to burn ships
Formula was state secret…now lost
Shot through pressurized siphons or clay grenades

31. Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Internal Fighting  
Civil Wars from the “Theme System”
Themes were similar to districts  
Social Unrest

32. Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Rise of Islam  
Crusades
Crusaders traveled through the Byzantine Empire.  
Ottoman Empire

33. Byzantine Empire over time.