1. By: Tahliah,Austin,Kshama and Prashant Pd. 2 Mrs.Dresher
The Skull
By: Tahliah,Austin,Kshama and Prashant
Pd. 2
Mrs.Dresher

2. The bones
-They protect the brain and support delicate sense organs involved with vision,hearing,balance,olfaction(smell)and gustation (taste)
-It is made up of 22 bones
-8 form the cranium
-14 are associated with the face
- An additional seven are very tiny but still are associated with the skull

3. The Cranium
-Encloses the cranial cavity which is composed of a fluid-filled chamber that cushions and supports the brain
-Different bones create the cranium:
-The Frontal bone
-Two Parietal bone
-The Occipital bone
-The Temporal bones
-Two Sphenoid bone
-The Ethmoid bone

6. Joints Related to the Skull
Sutures- fibrous joints that are only found in the skull
Sutures held together by Sharpey's fibers which is dense fibrous connective tissue
Sutures are synarthroses which means they provide very little to no movement between the bones of the skull

7. Names and Locations of Some Sutures

8. Problems in the Skull

9. Skull Base Tumors The Skull Base: Skull Base Tumors:
Area behind the eyes and nose that slopes down to the back of the head.
It forms the floor of the skull.
The spinal cord, multiple nerves and the major blood vessels of the brain, head and neck pass through openings in the skull base.
Skull Base Tumors:
Refers to the location of the Tumor
The types of Cancer Cells can vary
Even Benign tumors can cause problems as they place pressure on the brain and skull

10. Skull Base Tumors Skull base tumors may start from:
Areas below the skull base, such as the nasal sinus or inner ear
Brain tumors that grow down toward the skull base
The bones of the skull base
Benign tumor types include:
Meningioma
Pituitary adenoma
Acoustic neuroma
Glomus tumors
Neuroma

11. Skull Base Tumors Malignant tumor types include:
Carcinomas (squamous cell, basal cell, etc)
Sarcomas
Esthesioblastoma
Carcinoid
Mucosal melanoma

12. Skull Base Tumors Symptoms
Common symptoms of skull base tumors and conditions include:
Headaches
Difficulty breathing
Altered sense of smell
Blurred or double vision
Trouble swallowing
Hearing loss
Other symptoms include:
Loss of balance
Nausea and vomiting
Memory loss

13. Why they are dangerous
Skull Base Tumors can press against the skull and the brain
May lead to fractures, and brain damage

14. Skull Base Tumor Treatments
Surgical Removal (most successful method)
Drug Treatment
Radiation

15. Paget's Disease of Bone
Paget's disease is a chronic condition that causes abnormal bone growth.
How it Occurs:
Bone is constantly being replaced as bone tissue is broken down and absorbed into the body, then rebuilt with new cells.
In the early stages of Paget's disease, bone tissue is broken down and absorbed much faster than normal.
To keep up with the rapid breakdown of bone tissue, the body speeds up the bone rebuilding process.
The new bone is often weak and brittle, causing it to break (fracture) more easily.

16. Paget's Disease of Bone It's causes are unknown.
Research is being done into potential viral and genetic causes of the disease
May lead to:
Death
Fractures and bone breakages
Arthritis
Loss of hearing
Cardiovascular disease
Kidney stones
Pressure on the brain
Loss of Teeth
Loss of Vision

17. Pagets Disease of the Bone
Treatments:
Surgery to treat bone deformities and fractures
Drug treatment
Diet
Increased intake of Vitamin D, Calcium

18. Skull Fractures
The skull is composed of bone, so, like any other bone, is vulnerable to fractures.
Types:
Linear= Small Crack in the Skull, no opening
Diastatic= Fracture at the area where plates fuse
Comminuted= A Fracture where the skull is shattered into small pieces
Depressed= A fracture where the skull fragments is pushed inwards into the brain
Basilar= A fracture a the base of the skull

19. Skull Fractures

20. Skull Fractures Symptoms: Headache Scalp swelling Scalp tenderness
Scalp contusion
Skin wound to the scalp:
Scalp abrasion
Scalp laceration
Scalp puncture wound
Deformed skull:
A depressed area, or indentation, in the skull

21. Skull Fractures Treatment: Many small fractures will heal on their own
Treatment usually focuses on:
Promoting Healing
Controlling Pain
Preventing Complications
Surgery
Fluid replacement

22. Bibliography
"Skull Bones". Learnbones.com Web . Nov cranial-and-facial-bones-anatomy/
Johns Hopkins. "Types of Skull Base Tumors and Conditions." Johns Hopkins Medicine, Based in Baltimore, Maryland. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov < kull-base/types/>.
"Skull Fracture Overview." Skull Fracture: Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov <
Web M.D. "Paget's Disease of Bone Causes and Facts." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 13 Nov <
“Cranial sutures - Overview.” University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), n.d. Web. 13 Nov <
"Major Sutures of the Skull." Get Body Smart. Get Body Smart, n.d. Web. 13 Nov.
2012. <
skull/features/sutures/tutorial.html>.