1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Chapter 24 B

2. Skeletal System Stats …
The human skeleton has about 206 separate bones.
64 bones are in the hands and arms alone.
Bones account for approximately 1/5 of the body’s weight.
Bones in your body are living organs that contain blood vessels, nerves, fat tissues, and blood-cell-forming tissues.

3. Functions of the skeleton
Framework for Support and
Movement
Protection
Storage of Minerals
Production of Blood Cells

4. Framework for Support and Movement
The skeletal system serves as a framework for the support of the body.
Bones serve as levers and with the muscular system produce movement.

5. skull – brain (eyes, inner ears) ribs - heart and lungs
The skeletal system protects delicate organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.
skull – brain (eyes, inner ears)
ribs - heart and lungs
vertebrae - spinal cord

6. Storage of Minerals especially …
calcium
phosphorus

7. Production of Blood Cells
bone marrow is involved in blood cell production

8. Anatomy and Composition of a Bone
The bone's surface is covered with a layer of dense, white, fibrous tissue called the periosteum.
The periosteum is responsible for muscle attachment and for bone growth and repair.

9. Anatomy and Composition of a Bone
The cavity (shaft – the long main part of a bone) in the middle of the bone is filled with bone marrow.

10. Anatomy and Composition of a Bone
bone marrow - a soft tissue that produces blood cells; located in the marrow cavity of long bones and in the spaces of spongy bone

11. Bone Marrow
In young people this cavity is filled mostly with red bone marrow, a soft tissue that produces red blood cells and certain other blood cells. Makes approximately a billion new blood cells everyday.

12. Bone Marrow
Yellow bone marrow is fatty tissue that gradually replaces the red bone marrow as people grow older.

14. Ligaments & Tendons
ligaments - tough, flexible bands of connective tissue that attach bones to other bones at joints (joined to the periosteum)

15. Ligaments & Tendons
tendons - bands of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones (joined to the periosteum)

16. two main types of tissue make up the skeleton
Bone - consists of living bone cells and the non-living material they secrete
Cartilage - a flexible supporting tissue blood vessels never pass through cartilage

17. Osteon (Haversian system)
a unit of bone tissue; composed of a central canal which housed a blood vessel, osteocytes (bone cells) and matrix (layers of nonliving material around it)

18. Osteon

19. fracture - the breaking of a bone or tissue
Bone fractures
fracture - the breaking of a bone or tissue

20. cause: traumatic fracture spontaneous fracture
Fractures are classified according to the cause of the break & the nature.
types of fractures:
cause: traumatic fracture spontaneous fracture
nature: compound fracture simple fracture complete incomplete comminuted greenstick impacted

21. if break is caused by an injury
traumatic fracture
if break is caused by an injury

22. if break is caused by a disease
spontaneous fracture
if break is caused by a disease

23. compound fracture
if broken bone is exposed to the outside of the body by a break in the skin

24. if the broken bone remains protected by uninjured skin
Simple fracture
if the broken bone remains protected by uninjured skin

25. fracture line extends entirely through the bone
complete fracture
fracture line extends entirely through the bone

26. fracture line extends partially through the bone
incomplete fracture
fracture line extends partially through the bone

27. comminuted fracture
bone is splintered

28. one side of the bone is broken and other side is bent
greenstick fracture
one side of the bone is broken and other side is bent

29. one fragment is firmly forced into the other
Impacted fracture
one fragment is firmly forced into the other

30. Repair of bone fractures
Unlike most body tissues, bone heals with its own cells & not those of scar tissue.
treatment is 2 fold:
1)must be set in proper alignment
2)immobilization

31. a connection between two or more bones or between cartilage and bone
joint
a connection between two or more bones or between cartilage and bone

32. Slightly Movable Joints Immovable Joints
Joints are designed for specific functions and are classified into three groups according to the degree of movement:
Freely Movable Joints
Slightly Movable Joints
Immovable Joints

33. Freely Movable Joints
ball and socket
hinge
pivot
gliding

34. Ball and socket joint

35. Hinge joint

36. Pivot joint

37. Gliding joint

38. Slightly Movable Joints
connect vertebrae

39. sutures - the interlocking margins of skull bones
Immovable Joints
sutures - the interlocking margins of skull bones

40. Anatomy of a joint Tendon Bursa Patella Femur Bursa Synovial Cavity
Ligament
Tibia
Bursa

41. synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the joint cavity
secretes a lubricating fluid called synovial
fluid, which acts as a shock absorber between the bones

43. connect the bones of a joint
ligaments
connect the bones of a joint

44. ligaments

45. tendons
connects muscle to bone; often extend across the joint and strengthens it

47. bursas a fluid-filled sac; lined with synovial membrane Bursa Bursa

48. bursas
located between tendons, ligaments, & bones

49. serve as cushions and reduce friction
bursas
serve as cushions and reduce friction
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa

50. Bone & Joint Diseases and Disorders
Arthritis
Rheumatism
Sprain
Double-jointed

51. Arthritis
An inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain. Arthritis frequently results in changes in the joint structure, greatly hampering movement.

52. Rheumatism
a general term for various conditions that are characterized by soreness and stiffness of muscles and joints

53. Sprain
A stretch injury to the ligaments of a joint. In severe sprains, the ligaments may be torn.

54. Double-jointed
results from abnormally long ligaments, which allow a joint to be easily dislocated