1. Apartheid and Some Changes
South Africa
Apartheid and Some Changes

2. HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA
Dutch enter South Africa around 1652
Goal - Establish trading post
British officially pay Dutch for control of South Africa in 1815
Division between white and black is clear
English and Afrikaans become the official languages of the country
Only whites could be elected to parliament

3. History of South Africa
South Africa had been under the control of the Dutch and the British.
The smaller white minority dominated the larger black majority.

4. General Pass Regulations Bill 1905
Completely eliminated the right to vote for all blacks in South Africa
Limited their movement to specific areas throughout the country
Required them to carry identification with them at all times

5. South Africa Act 1910
Complete political control was given to the whites in South Africa
Segregation was strictly enforced

6. LAND ACT OF 1913
Restricted the ability of black South Africans to own land
Only able to own land in certain parts of the country
Approximately 7-13% of the land was available to them
Led to major economic issues because they were unable to make enough money off the land

7. Additional Laws
Natives in Urban Areas Bill (1918) - move blacks out of white areas for everyones safety
Colour Bar Act (1926) - blacks could not practice any skilled trades (keep them from moving up socially or economically

8. Apartheid
A policy which means “separation of the races” in all aspects of life
Schools
Hospitals
Neighborhoods
Etc.
Began in 1948, when the National Party came to power.

9. APARTHEID RULES 1948
The Race Classification Act - Every citizen suspected of not being European was classified according to race.
The Mixed Marriages Act - It prohibited marriage between people of different races.
The Group Areas Act - It forced people of certain races into living in designated areas.

10. APARTHEID RULES Bantu Building Workers Act, Act No 27 of 1951
Some Black South Africans could work in higher skill jobs in specific areas in the country with permission from the whites
Bantu Education Act
Prepared a curriculum for Black South Africans to prevent them from learning anything that would promote them to aspire to high levels in society

11. Homelands
In 1959, the government created, homelands, where the black majority were forced to live.
Black population = 75%
Land allotted for them = 13%
Blacks were not allowed to live in white areas.
Blacks could only travel into white areas with proper documentation

12. Townships Black African neighborhoods in South Africa
No running water, no electricity
Far from the cities (jobs)

13. Response by Black South Africans
In 1912, African National Congress(ANC) was formed to fight for their rights.
By the 1940’s and 50’s, many prominent Black South Africans were members
Nelson Mandela

14. Nelson Mandela Leader of African National Congress
Worked for equal rights and end to apartheid
Supported non-violence

15. Sharpeville Massacre 20,000 protesting in township
5,000 went to police station to turn themselves in for not carrying their passbooks
Police opened fire
69 dead

16. “Gross human rights violations in that excessive force was unnecessarily used to stop a gathering of unarmed people."

17. Imprisonment of Nelson Mandela
Arrested in 1962
Spent most of his 27 years in prison on Robben Island as a political prisoner
When offered his freedom in 1985, on the condition that his party never use violence again, he replied:
"What freedom am I being offered while the organization of the people remains banned? Only free men can negotiate. A prisoner cannot enter into contracts.”

19. Steven biko Anti-Apartheid activist Banned by government in 1973
Could only speak to one person at a time
Could not travel freely
Arrested in August 1977
Dead in September while in police custody

20. Soweto Uprising
Black Africans upset by the South African government’s new policy of teaching only Afrikaans in the schools
10,000 students protested by marching into the city
Police opened fire
Riots went on for days
Hundreds were injured or killed

21. Moving Towards Change
International community puts pressure on South Africa (economic, Olympics, etc.).
1989 – F.W. de Klerk becomes president and moves to change South Africa.
1990 – he recognizes the ANC and releases Mandela from prison.
Parliament repeals numerous apartheid laws.
st election for all to vote.

22. Election of 1994
F. W. de Klerk
Nelson Mandela

23. Voting Lines in 1994
Lines stretched over .5 mile.

24. Results of the Election
ANC won 62.7% of the vote.
Won 252 out of 400 seats in the National Assembly.
Mandela became the first black president of South Africa. F. W. de Klerk became vice president.