1. Plant Structure and Growth
AP Biology
Crosby High School

2. 3 Basic Organs Root System Shoot System Monocot vs. Dicot Root Hairs
Axillary bud
Terminal bud
Stolon, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs
Leaves (Blade and Stalk)

3. 3 Tissue Systems Dermal: Epidermis Vascular Ground Xylem Phloem Pith
Tracheids
Vessel elements
Phloem
Sieve-tube members
Ground
Pith
cortex

4. 3 Cell Types Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Sieve-tube members
Synthesize and store organic compounds
Collenchyma
Support young and growing parts of shoot
Sclerenchyma
Tracheids and Vessel Elements
Fibers and Sclereids

5. Plant Growth Indeterminate Growth Life cycles
Annual
Biennial
Perennial
Meristems produce initials and derivatives
Apical Meristem
Lateral Meristem

6. Primary Growth of Root Root Cap Zone of Cell Division
Apical Meristem
Quiescent Center
Zone of Elongation
Zone of Maturation

7. Primary Tissue Root Stem Protoderm Procambium Ground Meristem
Vascular Bundles
Dicots: arranged in ring w/ Xylem facing pith and Phloem facing cortex
Monocots: More complex arrangement

8. Secondary Growth of Stem
Vascular Cambium
Interior secondary xylem and exterior secondary phloem
Ray Initials
Fusiform Initials
Layers of Xylem growth produce wood

9. Secondary Growth of Stem
Cork Cambium
Bark: Phloem and Periderm
Secondary Phloem does not accumulate
Heartwood
Sapwood

10. Mechanisms of Growth and Development
Plane and symmetry of division
Asymmetrical cell division
Preprophase band
Orientation of cell expansion
Uptake of water is 90% of expansion
Expansion is perpendicular to the plane

11. Mechanisms of Growth and Development
Morphogenesis
Positional information
First plant cell division usually asymmetrical
Homeotic genes
Cellular Differentiation
Reflects synthesis of different proteins
Relies largely on gene expression

12. Phase Changes Meristem changes from one developmental phase to another
Floral Meristem Identity genes
Organ Identity genes
Code for transcription factors
Position determines which genes are expressed

13. Orientation of Expansion

14. Plane and Symmetry

15. Secondary Growth of Stem

16. Primary Tissue

17. Types of Growth

18. Modified Shoots

19. Cell Types

20. Plant Organs

21. Monocot vs. Dicot