1. Part 1

2. Puppets are often modeled after humans, anthropomorphic animals, or symbolic figures which can create strong emotional connections to the real world Puppet theater mentioned in the writings of Plato and Aristotle The Chinese made puppets from stretched animal skins 17 th century saw popularity of hand puppets Requires talents in sculpting, Timing, Composition, Acting, Straight Ahead Animation techniques Some of the greatest puppet animators are from Eastern Europe and Russia Early example of stop motion puppet animation 1935, The New Gulliver, by Russian Animator Alexander Ptushko, The New Gulliver Stop Motion Animation utilize a Motion Control Camera: computer controlled that plots exact camera motion frame by frame

3. There are various types of puppet construction Wooden: Carved out of wood Mixed media: fabrics, furs and metals Found Objects: Made from everyday items Latex Puppets: more elaborate, may contain gear mechanisms to control fine details such as facial motions Armatures: Inner skeleton to hold puppet together, commonly made from wire, metal ball and socket system, wood

4. Ladislaw Starewich: mixed media George Pal: wooden Jiri Trnka: wooden Ray Harryhausen: latex, mixed media Brothers Quay: found objects Jan Svankmajer: found objects Tim Burton: latex

5. Polish entomologist, Difficult time making documentary on beetles Lights forced real beetles to hide, so he built armatures and used them in a puppet animation Resulted in a bedroom farce rather than a documentary Went on to animate and direct films for next 50 years Screenings The Cameramans Revenge, Ladislaw Starewicz, 1912

6. Puppeteer Frame by frame animation of a marionette puppet in silhouette Screenings The First Circus Part 1 & Part 2, 1921

7. Puppets for film visual effects Push for realism in puppet style and motion Animated King Kong of 1933 Skull under the clay used for close-up shots Screenings The Lost World, Willis OBrien, 1925

8. One of the most prolific puppet animators Began in Hungary, Holland, England, America Worked for Paramount pictures, called his works Puppetoons Invented process of Replacement animation (replaceable parts for a motion rather than moving armature) Effect seen in Tulips Shall Grow (1942 anti-Nazi film) Nominated for Oscars almost every year in which they were produced Went on to full feature films including Time Machine, War of the Worlds Screenings: George pal Documentary segments Tulips Shall Grow, 1942

9. One of the most famous puppet animators As a young boy he was inspired by Willis OBriens work on original King Kong (1933) Worked together with OBrien on Mighty Joe young(1949) Inspired many of the effects artists of today (Phil Tippet, Dennis Muren)Phil TippetDennis Muren Classic films including 7 th voyage of Sinbad, Jason and the Argonauts(1963), Clash of the Titans(1981) Invented Dynamation a rear screen projection process which allowed him to animate objects in front of the screen, with foreground and background mattes on glass Screenings: Aliens, Dragons and Monsters, Ray Harryhausen documentary segments