1. Levy system
How will this river look in the future?

3. Numbers are represented by the exponent of 10 that they represent.
Logarithms
Numbers are represented by the exponent of 10 that they represent.
1 = So, log(1) = -1
100 = So, log(100) = 2
To reverse a log, 10x
10x(2) = 100

4. In Google Sheets: Determine the size of a 100-year flood
Copy the data from the lab document into Google Sheets. Sort the data to determine the Rank Order of Years
Write a formula to calculate Return Interval
Copy and paste 2 columns of data: Return Interval & Discharge
In two additional columns take the log of those original columns “ =log() ”
Select those logged columns and insert a scatter plot of those data
Insert a trendline (linear)(Advanced Settings)
Determine what the discharge level would be for a 100 year flood by showing the equation (under label) and solving the equation for x=100 (log 2).
Take the solution and raise it 10x (This reverses the log that we applied before)
Using Map: Identify when the meander will be cut off.
Trace the path of the 1958 river onto the 1995 map. Identify areas that have been deposited and areas that have eroded
Calculate the expected rate of loss across the isthmus. How much land do you expect to be remaining in 2008? Check.

5. Park Planning: An art and a science
The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations.

6. Tips / Background Info Big parks are better than small parks.
Fragmentation can cause reductions in species richness and/or biodiversity
Species – Area Curves support this idea.
Complexity is good
Habitat diversity can create healthier, more functional and more resilient ecosystems.
Older ecosystems generally have more complexity. It accumulates.
What’s outside the park matters too. “Ecosystems have no boundaries.”

7. Your Mission…. You don’t have a choice… Just accept it.
The government has appropriated enough money for you to set aside 50 squares of land. It is your job to figure out what land should be conserved based on public priorities and scientific principles.

8. Public / Governmental Priorities (In no particular order)
Public Priority #1: The Sage Grouse. This symbol of the American West needs large areas of open grassland in order to breed. Public Priority #2: The Grey Wolf. Though controversial in WA, their contribution to ecosystem health is well documented. They are able to take advantage of a wide range of habitats, but should be kept away from human population where possible. They also migrate throughout the year to follow their prey. Public Priority #3: The Spotted Owl. This bird has played a starring role in previous fights about land conservation in logging because it needs pristine core forests for nesting.

10. Current Species Ranges
Gray Wolf
Flexible Habitat
Migrates into the mountains to follow prey in the summer
Sage Grouse
Needs open grassland habitat
Spotted Owl
Needs core forest habitat

11. Map #1: Sage Grouse Only
Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation for Sage Grouse

12. Map #2: Gray Wolf
Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation for Gray Wolves

13. Map #3: Spotted Owl
Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation for Spotted Owls

14. Other things to consider :
Do your animals migrate? Are you providing migration corridors?
If you are conserving “core” habitat, the surrounding area could be developed, changing what is considered “core” habitat.
How will climate change influence the distribution of these species? What are ways you could limit the risk of extinction based on climate change?
Are you incorporating habitat variation and complexity into your park proposal? Why might this be important?

15. Map #4: Where are your priorities?!
Develop a proposal that take into account the conservation
of all 3 species. List 2 pros and 2 cons of your plan.

16. Maps #5 and #6: All Species
Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation of all species, including those that are conservation priorities. List 2 pros and 2 cons of each.

17. Pygmy Rabbit

18. Grey Wolf

21. Pygmy Rabbit

22. N Forest Core Forest Desert Wetland Sage/ Grassland Water Mountains
City N