1. CHAPTER 5-2

2. Relations with Britain
Proclamation of 1763 –
In an effort to end troubles with Native Americans, Great Britain restricts colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists ignored the ban.
Britain placed 10,000 troops in America to patrol the border between the American colonies and the Native American land.
Many Americans were alarmed because they saw this as a limit on their freedom
Distrust in England was growing

3. Financial Problems in England
George Grenville – new king in power in England
The French & Indian war left England in a lot of debt.
England began to plan on new ways to raise money to pay for the war.
New laws were passed in which colonists had to pay taxes on the goods they bought.

4. The Sugar Act
* Lowered the tax on sugar and molasses and called for harsh punishments for smugglers
Parliament passed this law in hopes it would stop smuggling.
Think About It…
“no parts of England’s colonies can be taxed without their consent… every part has a right to be represented.”
- James Otis (1765), Boston

5. Quartering Act
Colonists protested the Quartering Act which required them to provide homes and food for British soldiers.

6. Stamp Act What do you think the Stamp Act put a tax on?
newspapers, wills, pamphlets, playing cards
All printed goods needed a stamp, therefore this tax affected almost all colonists!

7. Stamp Act (continued)
Colonists were angry about this law for 2 reasons:
ONLY colonists were taxed – not those living in England
Parliament ignored colonists wants and needs and created the law without colonist’s consent (permission).

8. Protesting the Stamp Act
- Patrick Henry - burgess
- Persuaded the burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act
House of Burgesses created a resolution – a written expression of opinion (legalized)
the resolution said that ONLY Parliament had the power to raise taxes on its citizens’ not the king

9. Protesting the Stamp Act (continued)
- Samuel Adams - created the Sons of Liberty
- This is an organization in which members protested the Stamp Act and other laws England put into effect.
Many of these members showed their unhappiness by destroying houses, raiding houses, running through the streets screaming

10. The Stamp Act Congress
Delegates of the government met in New York at what is known as The Stamp Act Congress
They drafted a petition to the king in which they argued the colonies could not be taxed by the king, only by their own assemblies
Colonists decide to boycott – refuse to buy, British goods
Thousands of farmers and merchants signed nonimportation agreements: agreements for not buying or using goods imported from Great Britain
OUTCOME: British merchants lost so much business, they begged Parliament to repeal – cancel, the Stamp Act.

11. The Act is Repealed March 1766 – Parliament repealed the Stamp Act
On that same day, they passed the Declaratory Act
This act stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies “in all cases”.

12. New Taxes Townshend Acts
set up a system to enforce new import duties.
Parliament realized that the colonists were not going to pay taxes inside the colony so they would tax goods that were imported into the colonies.
This was a tax in which goods like glass, tea, paper, and lead were affected.
These goods had to imported because the colonies did not produce them.
COLONISTS GREW ANGRIER…..

13. New Trade Laws
New taxes caused colonists to start smuggling goods to avoid taxes.
1763
Law passed in which smugglers were sent to vice admirality courts: courts without juries
1767
Law passed called the writ of assistance : legal document that allowed officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods

14. Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts taxes accept on tea.
The tea tax was kept to demonstrate Parliament’s right to tax the colonies.
This caused British colonists to stop boycotting and return to trade with England.
WHAT IS A MASSACRE?

15. The Word Spreads
Colonial used the killings of the colonists as propaganda – information designed to influence opinion
Samuel Adams put up posters describing the Boston Massacre as a slaughter of innocent Americans by “bloodthirsty” British soldiers.
The Boston Massacre led many colonists to have stronger boycotts on British goods.
Samuel Adams set up the committee of correspondence: committee that circulated writings about colonists complaints against England

16. The Boston Massacre March 5, 1770
A fight broke out between the soldiers and townspeople.
Angry colonists started moving through the streets using sticks, stones, shovels, and clubs as weapons.
A British soldier was pushed down and the British fired.
Several gunshots went off; 5 colonists were killed.
Crispus Attucks was killed; he was ½ African American & ½ Native American.

17. What is happening in the picture?
Who do you think painted this and why?
Explain how this is propaganda

18. Chapter 5 Section 3 From Protest to Rebellion
Main Idea: As tensions between colonists and the British government increase, protests grew stronger.

19. An American Story
Spring of 1768 – British officials take control of the Liberty, a ship belonging to a protest leader, John Hancock.
- he was charged with smuggling
This event led to the uniting of the colonists against British policies

20. Trouble in Boston Background to Future Problems:
Parliament knew colonists were growing angry and rebellious so they sent several British soldiers to the colonies.
Colonists were angry to see the soldiers.
Soldiers acted rudely and violently towards the colonists.

21. The Crisis Over Tea
British East India Company was in debt and needed help in order to stay open.
Parliament passed the Tea Act which gave the right to ship tea to the colonies without having to pay the taxes that had been placed on tea and prevented colonial merchants from selling Dutch tea at a lower price.
This meant British East India tea was the cheapest tea in the colonies.
British tea was now cheaper than the tea sold by colonial stores.
Colonists decided they would stop East India ships from unloading tea.

22. The Boston Tea Party Midnight – December 16, 1773
Samuel Adams and other Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawk Indians
They boarded British tea ships and threw 342 cases of tea overboard. (90,000 pounds)

23. The Intolerable Acts
King George III realized he was losing control of the colonies. He felt the colonists needed to be punished.
First part of the Intolerable Acts were the Coercive Acts – closed Boston Harbor until colonists paid for the ruined tea.
Prevented food and supplies from being shipped into the colonies.
Most town meetings were banished
Forced British soldiers to be housed in colonists’ homes.

24. First Continental Congress
Main Idea: Colonial leaders met in Philadelphia in 1774 to discuss a united response to new British laws. Seven months later, American & British troops met in battle for the first time.
Something to remember:
Very few people actually wanted to break away from England. Many just wanted their freedoms and rights back, but still be loyal to the king.

25. The First Continental Congress
September 1774
55 men met in Philadelphia
All colonies participated except Georgia
This group of men came together to represent Americans interests and challenge British control

26. Decisions of the Congress
Drafted a statement of grievances – complaints, calling for the repeal of all laws passed by Parliament.
Declared the laws violated the colonists’ rights
Voted to boycott British goods
Called for colonists to form militias – groups of citizen soldiers to protect themselves from the British.
Demanded a repeal of Intolerable Acts

27. The First Battles
The British reaction to the First Continental Congress was their choice to use force
Colonists believed that if fighting broke out between the British & colonists, that it would happen in the New England area.
Minutemen – men who would be ready to fight in a minute’s notice.
Started training, made bullets, and stockpiled weapons.
British soldiers began to notice the colonists were preparing themselves to show great resistance again the king….

28. Britain Sends Troops The British began to prepare for conflict.
April 1775
British general, Thomas Gage, had several thousand soldiers in and around Boston… more were on their way.
King George instructed Thomas Gage to take away the weapons and arrest the leaders.
Gage was headed to the town of Concord, where he had heard the American colonists hid their weapons.

29. Alerting the Colonists
April 18, 1775
Dr. Joseph Warren walks the streets looking for any British unusual activity.
Sees British regiment come together and march out of the city.
Alerts Paul Revere and William Dawes, to warn the minutemen
Rode to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that the British were coming.
Revere galloped off shouting “The regulars are out!”
Adams and Hancock were happy to hear the news. They were ready to fight for American Independence

30. Fighting at Lexington April 19, 1775
At dawn the British marched towards Lexington. The British and about 70 minutemen came upon each other. In the middle of the town, about 1000 British soldiers appeared and screamed “Throw down your arms, ye villains, ye rebels!” …. Then a shot was fired, allowing for both sides to start shooting.
In the end, 8 minutemen were dead.

31. Map of Battle

32. Fighting at Concord
After the tragedy at Lexington, the British troops continued their march to Concord.
When they got there, the ammunition they were looking for had already been removed.
The British then began their march back to Boston
The Americans were waiting
By the time the British got back to Boston, almost 300 British soldiers had been killed or wounded.

33. More Military Action
Benedict Arnold – asked to create a militia of 400 to seize Fort Ticonderoga in New York from the British.
Ethan Allen , from Vermont, was also raising a militia to help Benedict Arnold.
May 10, 1775
the two groups snuck up on the British
The British surrendered

34. Drama with Benedict Arnold
Arnold conspired with the British and led raids against the Americans.
He then became a general in the British army.
Building Forces
Committees of correspondence asked for volunteers to join the continental army.
Soon the militia in the Boston area had over 20,000 people

35. Section 4 The War Begins

36. Colonial Leaders Emerge
May 10, 1775
Second Continental Congress meets. This was the same group of men from the First Continental Congress along with new men.
Second Continental Congress began to govern the colony.
Set up a post office
Printing of money
Created an army
John Adams nominated George Washington to be commander in chief of the army.

37. CHOOSING SIDES
As American colonists learned about these battles, they had to choose a side
The Patriots were determined to fight the British to the end – until American independence was won.
Those who chose to stay with Britain were called Loyalists.
They did not consider unfair taxes a good reason to rebel

38. The Olive Branch Petition
- George Washington set a petition to the king called the Olive Branch Petition.
It told the king the colonists want peace.
Asked the king to protect the rights of the colonists.
King George refused to receive the petition.
He prepared for war. He hired 30,000 German troops to send to America and fight beside British troops.

39. The Battle of Bunker Hill
June 16, 1775
1200 militiamen prepare for fighting at Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill
British assemble at the bottom of Breed’s Hill
Americans were low on ammunition, so American General William Prescott shouted the order “Don’t shoot until you see the white’s of their eyes!”
The Americans fired and forced the British to retreat.
The British won after the third attack
In the end the Americans ran out of ammo and had to withdraw…. The British had won.
More than 1000 British soldiers died and were wounded
The British had learned: It will not be quick or easy to defeat the Americans

40. The Colonials take the Offensive
July 1775
George Washington saw the number of troops in the continental army was growing, but he also saw they lacked organization, discipline and leadership.
By March 1776, Washington felt the army was ready to fight.
1st orders of Washington were to circle Boston with cannons and bombard the British troops inside Boston.
The British troops withdrew from the city and boarded their ships and left Boston.
January 1776
Support for absolute independence was still growing.

41. Common Sense
- Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called Common Sense that captured the attention of American colonists.
He called for complete independence from Great Britain.
He said it was “common sense” to stop following the king.
He said if your king is not providing you with the freedom he promised then it is “common sense” to want to find something that will provide for us.