1. Parenthetical Citation Notes and Reminders
Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Parenthetical Citation Notes and Reminders
Writing the rough draft
To be used in both rough and final drafts

2. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Why Do we Cite?
You must give credit where credit is due: If someone
To be used in both rough and final drafts

3. What is a parenthetical citation?
Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
What is a parenthetical citation?
Identifies the sources in parenthesis placed as close as possible to the borrowed words or ideas
Just enough information is given to refer the reader to the source in the works cited page at the end of the paper
Usually this information is the author’s last name and the page from which it was taken (Smith 22)
To be used in both rough and final drafts

4. Format of Parenthetical Citation
Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Author’s last name and page number (Jones 18)
Notice there is no comma after the name and there is no p. for page
When there is no author given you put a shortened form of the title in parenthesis (“Navaho Claims” 84)
Parenthetical citation goes at the end of the sentence before the final punctuation
To be used in both rough and final drafts

5. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
If there is no author…
If there is no author, the parenthetical citation is actually the first 2 words on your source card. You would use more than 2 words only if there is another entry with the same first two words.
To be used in both rough and final drafts

6. Format of Direct Quotations
Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Format of Direct Quotations
YOU ARE ALLOWED TO HAVE ONLY ONE DIRECT QUOTATION IN YOUR PAPER!!!
To be used in both rough and final drafts

7. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Direct Quotations Cont.
If the material is a direct quote, close the quotation marks, insert the parenthetical citation, and then place the closing punctuation mark.
To be used in both rough and final drafts

8. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Direct Quote Examples
Professor D.O. Hebb said, “I do not accept ESP for a moment, because it does not make sense” (Hebb 45).
“It is an ever expanding field with much promise” (“Registered Nurse”).
“We do not have the evidence right now, but soon it will be immanent” (Occupational Outlook 349).
To be used in both rough and final drafts

9. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Repeating Sources
IF YOU CITE THE SAME SOURCE TWICE IN A ROW, WITH NO OTHER SOURCES BETWEEN THESE CITATIONS, THE SECOND TIME YOU CITE THE SOURCE YOU ONLY HAVE TO LIST THE PAGE NUMBER (see handout for examples).
To be used in both rough and final drafts

10. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Notes and Reminders
You do not need to put a citation after every sentence.
You CAN use 2 citations in one sentence if needed
If you have several sentences from the same source and page, you put the citation at the end of the last sentence from that source.
When you switch to a new source or a different page, you must put a citation at the end of the sentence.
SEE HANDOUT for examples!
To be used in both rough and final drafts

11. Parenthetical Citations REVIEW POWERPOINT
Notes and Reminders Cont.
You may not make up information or give your opinion in the body of your paper. Everything in the body must come from one of your sources and must be documented.
You must use each source that you list in your works cited page.
The only paragraph where you don’t have to use citations is your intro and conclusion. You may also put your opinion in those.
To be used in both rough and final drafts