1. Comparative Civilizations 12 Ms. Razzell & Ms. Leslie
Early Humans
Comparative Civilizations 12
Ms. Razzell & Ms. Leslie

2. Dinosaurs died out about 65 millions years ago
The first hominids appeared about 3.6 millions years ago
Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives.

3. apes vs man. Human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not.
Their hands were different, too.
Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Early man's hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to not only use tools, but to make tools.

4. Paleolithic Ended 12,000 years ago Stone tools
Spear, bow and arrow, harpoon
Hunting and gathering
Bands of people according to hunting parties

5. Mesolithic Ended 10,000 years ago Hand made tools Bow and arrow Boats
Hunting and Gathering and Domestication of animals
Nomadic lifestyle
Tribal society
Last Ice Age

6. Neolithic 7,000 years ago Farming – ploughs, yokes, reapers Pottery
Beginnings of civilization in farmsteads
Chiefdoms
Animal skin clothing
Linen in some areas

7. Chalcolithic - Copper Age
Part of Neolithic
First appearance of metal tools
Blends in with the bronze age as tin was added quickly

8. Bronze Age 3,000-1,200 BCE Copper and bronze tools Potter’s wheel
Agriculture – cattle breeding
Crafts – trade
Formation of cities
Creation of states
Swords, chariots

9. Iron Age 1,200 – 550 BCE Happens at different times around the world
Metal tools made from Iron
Religion emerges as a powerful force

10. Australopithecus "Southern Ape"
3.6 to 1.8 million BCE
Found in east-north Africa
The brains roughly 35% of the size of a modern human brain.
usually standing between 4 to 4.5 feet tall
Omnivore

11. Lucy In 1974, a skeleton was found in Africa.
The bones were those of young female, approximately 20 years old when she died.
she was rather short, about 4 feet tall, and probably weighed about 50 pounds.
Her brain was about the size of an orange.

12. Her bones showed she probably walked erect, although she still had the ability to climb trees easily.
There were no signs of broken bones or teeth marks that might show why she died.
Scientists suspect that she probably fell into a lake or river and drowned.

13. Homo Habilis "Handy Man" 2.5 million years ago
As far as we know, true humans first appeared in Africa.

14. Man had to get smart to survive.
The Homo habilis man is credited with creating basic stone tools to help live more comfortably, and to better protect themselves against the many carnivore animals of the time.

15. Homo habilis were taller than their ancestors, the human-like primates (Lucy's people), and had larger brains.
They followed food sources, and set up camp as needed. They sheltered under cliffs, whenever possible.
Their main diet was probably fruits, roots, nuts and vegetables that they found growing wild.

16. Homo Habilis and fire
they did not have fire-making skills, they had to wait until they found something burning from natural causes, set aflame, for example, from a lightening strike.

17. Remains of their campfires have been found and dated.
Scientists have found stone tools at these sites
Animal bones have been found, as well. they indicate that Homo habilis man hunted game and/or scavenged fat-rich marrow from bones.
These remains also tell us that Homo habilis probably did not stay in one place very long, but were always on the move, in search of food.

18. Types of stone tools
Flaked stone tools

19. Pecked Stone Tools Ground Stone Tools
The pecked stone technique involves using a hammerstone to pound the object in to the desired shape.
Ground Stone Tools
the craftsman rubs an abrasive stone, such as sandstone

20. To be continued..