1. Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary, Plagiarism
How to Properly
Use and Cite Sources

2. Definitions Quotation: Paraphrase: Summary: Plagiarism:
Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed in quotation marks
Paraphrase:
Reproduces the content of the original in your own words
Summary:
A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the principle points of the original
Plagiarism:
Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or summary

3. Integrating Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary
Always introduce quotations, paraphrases and summaries
Use an introductory phrase with the name of the author included
Example:
In Letters from America, Rupert Brooke characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely British city having the usual urban mixture of wealth and poverty (80).

4. Rules for Quotation Quote accurately:
Reproduce the quotation exactly ― including its spelling, capitalization, and punctuation
If you omit or change anything, indicate the changes
[ ] if you change a word/phrase
… (with a space before and after) if you omit a word/phrase)
You may omit or change the concluding punctuation to fit the quotation into your own sentence

5. Rules for Quotation
Short quotations (less than 4 lines of your essay) go in quotation marks and are included in the body of your text
When quoting more than one line of verse, use a slash (/) with a space before and after to mark the line endings:
“Five years have passed; five summers, with the length / Of five long winters” (Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2).

6. Rules for Quotation
When quoting a prose passage of more than three lines, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraph
Do not indent right margin
Double space the quotation (as you are the entire essay) but do not add quotation marks that are not part of the quotation itself
After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation

7. Rules for Quotation
After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation:
None of them knew the colour of the
sky. Their eyes glanced level, and
were fastened upon the waves that
swept toward them. (Crane, “The
Open Boat” 918)

8. Rules for Quotation
When quoting more than three lines of verse, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraph
Do not indent right margin
Double-space the quotation (as you are the entire essay)
Preserve the original line endings and the original spatial arrangement of the lines as much as possible
If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way

9. Rules for Quotation
If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way:
These beauteous forms,
Through a long absence, have not been
to me
As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye:
But oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the din
Of towns and cities, I have owed to them
In hours of weariness, sensations sweet… (“Tintern Abbey” 22-27)

10. Rules for Paraphrase
Give clear credit to the source at the beginning of the paraphrase
Paraphrase will usually be a little shorter than the original, but need not be

11. Rules for Paraphrase
Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marks
If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarism

12. Rules for Summary
Give clear credit to the source either at the beginning of the summary or in the end citation
Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marks
If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarism