1. ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEMS
Includes abiotic and biotic factors
Biomes are examples
Community
Includes all the LIVING things
Population
All of one species in one area
Can reproduce with each other

2. Food CHAINS Energy is “lost” as you mover “up” the food chain
Secondary Consumer
(bird)
Primary Consumer
(snail)
Producer
(grass)
Original source of energy for most chains is the sun 1st trophic level is producer 2nd trophic level is primary consumer 2rd trophic level is secondary consumer Decomposer not shown on chain, but they recycle nutrients
Energy is “lost” as you mover “up” the food chain

3. SYMBIOSIS Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism
n mutualism, BOTH organisms BENEFIT
this is a + / + relationship
The picture shows E. coli, a type of bacteria that live in your intestine. 
The bacteria get a place to live; we get the vitamin K they make.  This is good for both.
Parasitism
In parasitism, the PARASITE BENEFITS by getting food and shelter from the HOST
This is a + / - relationship
In the example shown, the TICK is the parasite and feeds off of the blood of the human HOST.  This is good for the tick, but bad for the human.
Commensalism
In commensalism, one organism BENEFITS while the other is NOT AFFECTED
This is a  +/ 0 relationship
The picture above shows orchids living in trees.  This is good for the orchid, because it allows the orchid to get sunlight. It doesn't affect the tree, because the orchid doesn't help or hurt it.

4. Predation Predator EATS Prey The populations cycle
Predator has lower curve
There can’t be more predators than prey

5. Population GROWTH
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
Logistic growth
J-curve Occurs when unlimited resources are available
S-curve Occurs because resources are limited Carrying capacity reached

6. HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH
Overpopulation of humans leads to
Destruction of habitats (pollution and/or destroying)
Loss of biodiversity
Introduced species
Outcompete native species

7. Carbon CYCLE Greenhouse Effect
Cycling of carbon and oxygen
Three main processes
Photosynthesis – plants use carbon dioxide; produce oxygen
Respiration – uses oxygen, produces carbon dioxide (both plants and animals)
Combustion – burning – releases more carbon dioxide
Greenhouse Effect
Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, making life possible
Increased carbon dioxide can make temperatures rise more
Human activities can lead to GLOBAL WARMING

8. BE A GOOD STEWARD