1. The War of 1812 Chapter 11 Section 5 TREATY OF GHENT
Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans, 8 January 1815.
WASHINGTON BURNING, Washingtonians fleeing the city during the burning of the White House and the Capitol by the British on 24 August 1814.
Chapter 11 Section 5
TREATY OF GHENT

2. The War of 1812
To Great Britain the War of I8I2 was simply a burdensome adjunct of its greater struggle against France. To the Canadians it was clearly a case of naked American aggression. But to the Americans it was neither simple nor clear. The United States entered the war with confused objectives and divided loyalties and made peace without settling any of the issues that had induced the nation to go to war.
James Madison

3. Unprepared for War
The United States was not ready for war. The navy only had 16 ships to fight against the British Navy.
In addition the American naval officers were inexperienced and the United States had very few regular troops.
America had to hire (1) privateers to fight against the British Navy.
The Navy consisted of 20 vessels: the 3 large 44-gun frigates, 3 smaller frigates of the Constellation class rated at 38 guns, and 14 others.

4. The United States had to ask for volunteers.
Volunteers would get $ and 360 acres of land for their services.
The money was high pay at that time. ($ was equal to the average yearly salary.)
Poorly trained with little experience many deserted after a few months.

5. The American declaration of war took Britain by surprise.
Most of Britain's forces were tied up in the war against Napoleon, and for the time being very little military and naval assistance could be spared.
The British navy (2) blocked the American Ports. Because the American fleet was so small they were unable to stop the British ships and stop the blockade.

6. The goals of the War Hawks was to conquer Canada.
General (3) William Hull led the American troops into Canada form Detroit.
The support of Indian tribes gave Canada one source of manpower that the United States lacked.
After the Battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh had led his warriors across the border into Canada, where, along with the Canadian Indians, they joined the forces opposing the Americans.
WILLIAM HULL

7. General Isaac Brock of Canada
Tricks the Americans to retreat from Canada. The invasion into Canada had failed.
General William Hull arriving at his decision to surrender Fort Detroit to the British, 16 August 1812
TECUMSEH & ISAAC BROCK The meeting of General Isaac Brock and Tecumseh 14 August 1812:

8. Battle of Lake Erie 1813
In 1813, (4) Captain Oliver Hazard Perry built his own fleet of ships to fight against the British om the battle of Lake (5) Erie. The British battered Perry’s ship. Luckily he rowed to another American ship continued to fight and won the battle.
Oliver Hazard Perry leaving his badly damaged flagship, the Lawrence, for the Niagara to continue against the British at the Battle of Lake Erie, 10 September 1813.

9. Battle of the Thames
The Americans gained control of Lake Erie. General William Henry (Gov. of Indiana), now a general, invaded Canada in search of Tecumseh and the British.
They met in the Battle of the (6) Thames River. Tecumseh died in the fighting. Now without Tecumseh’s leadership, the Indian confederation he had worked so hard for fell apart.
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON
As a result of the victory- Lake Erie became an American lake.

10. Britain defeated France
By the spring of 1814, Britain defeated France and could send their troops to the United States.
NAPOLEON, 1814

11. The British ships sailed to the Chesapeake Bay in the summer of 1814.
Invasion force lands 30 miles from Washington, D.C. The Americans tried to stop the British from arriving in Washington but they were unsuccessful.
The British enter Washington, burned the Capitol, the (7) White House, and other public buildings, and returned to their ships.

12. Dolley Flees
(8) Dolley Madison sneaked out the back with some important papers and a portrait of George Washington. In those papers was the original Declaration of Independence.
Dolley Madison saving the Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington from the White House as British forces neared Washington, D.C. in 1814.

13. Baltimore was next on the schedule
Soon afterwards the British moved up north to (9) Baltimore’s Fort (10) McHenry. One evening on September 13th the British bombarded the harbor
When it was morning, the flag was still flying over the fort. This inspired (11) Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner,” our country’s national anthem.
When the fleet failed to reduce Fort McHenry, the assault on the city was called off.
American lawyer and writer of The Star Spangled Banner. Our Flag Was Still There (Francis Scott Key witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry, September 13-14, 1814).

15. What kind of rockets glared redly in "The Star-Spangled Banner?"
The rockets that the national anthem refers to were Congreve rockets, invented by Sir Thomas Congreve and used by the British in the War of The noisy, hissing missiles, 42 inches long, were used throughout the British campaigns in Maryland in The rockets initially terrified the Americans but proved to be ineffective, killing only two men in combat and doing little property damage.

16. New Orleans: The Final Battle
Next the British attacked New Orleans.
General (12) Andrew Jackson had raised earthworks high enough to require scaling ladders for an assault. The defenses were manned by about 3,500 men with another 1,000 in reserve. It was a varied group, Choctaw Indians, pirates, fashionably dressed sons and brothers of the New Orleans aristocracy and the 7th and 44th Infantry Regiments.

17. Overnight Jackson became a hero.
More than 2,000 British fell under the deadly fire of American sharp shooters and cannons.
Only 7 American soldiers died in the battle.
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS. Major General Andrew Jackson encouraging his riflemen at the Battle of New Orleans, 8 January The British fleet is seen the background on the Mississippi River.

20. A Divided Nation
Shortly before the battle, the (13) Hartford Convention, made up of mostly Federalists who opposed the war, met to discuss forming a separate confederation made up of New England states.

21. Was the War of 1812 a Success?
The news of the peace settlement followed so closely on Jackson's triumph in New Orleans that the war as a whole was popularly regarded in the United States as a great victory.
Yet at best it was a draw. American strategy had centered on the conquest of Canada and the harassment of British shipping; but the land campaign failed, and during most of the war the Navy was bottled up behind a tight British blockade of the North American coast.

22. Peace at Last
By late 1814, peace talks between Britain and the United States began.
Peace treaty ending war - The Treaty of (14) Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814.
British and American diplomats signing the Treaty of Ghent 24 December 1814.

23. John Quincy Adams sums it up
“nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled.”
Great Britain agreed to relinquish claims to the Northwest Territory, and both countries pledged to work toward ending the slave trade.
Americans gained a new sense of Patriotism and national (15) anthem.