1. Matter

2. What is Matter? Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
-- everything in the universe (even air) is matter!
-- a vacuum is a place where there is no matter

3. Properties of Matter
We like to identify matter (as you did in the little game earlier) by properties we can describe. These are things like:
-- color
-- texture
-- shape
-- hardness
-- flammability
Each substance has its own specific combination of properties that we can use to identify it as a unique form of matter.
Scientists like to say that all matter has specific properties and general properties

4. Specific Properties of Matter
Specific Properties of Matter – properties of matter that are unique to that specific object
-- color is an example of a specific property
-- if you say that the chair is red, red is a specific property of the chair. Not all chairs (or all types of matter) have a color, so red is very specific
-- other specific properties include hardness, texture, flammability and shape

5. General Properties of Matter
General Properties of Matter – properties that are shared by all different types of matter
-- there are four general properties of matter. They are:
Mass – the amount of matter in a substance
Volume – how much space a piece of matter takes up
Weight – the force of gravity on the amount of matter in a substance
Density – how tightly packed together the molecules in a substance are, or how much mass is in a specific volume of a substance
The study of the different properties of matter and the changes of matter is called chemistry

6. Types of Matter
While everything can be classified as matter, almost everything can be classified as one of two types of matter
All matter is either a:
Substance
-- substances are pieces of matter with constant composition
-- whatever part of a substance you look at, it will always be the same!
Mixture
-- mixtures are pieces of matter with variable composition
-- depending on what piece of a mixture you get, it could be different!

7. Substances A substance is any matter with a constant composition.
There are two types of substances:
Elements
-- a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by physical or chemical means
-- elements are the “building blocks of matter” because all matter is composed of elements
-- examples of elements include gold, silver, carbon, etc. . .
element

8. Substances (cont’d)
Other than elements, the other kind of substances are:
Compounds
-- compounds are substances made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio
-- examples are water and carbon dioxide
-- we use chemical formulas to write compounds
compound

9. Mixtures Most matter in the environment is in the form of mixtures
Mixtures are made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not combined chemically into a new substance
You can separate a mixture easily by physical means
There are two types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous Mixtures
-- mixtures that are made of more than one phase of matter
-- examples include sand, soil, etc. . .

10. Mixtures (continued) The other type of mixtures are:
Homogeneous Mixtures
-- mixtures that are all in the same phase of matter
-- often called solutions
-- examples include salt water, air, and lemonade
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

11. Identification Practice
Are the following examples of elements, compounds, heterogeneous mixtures or homogeneous mixtures?
Kool-Aid – Homogeneous Mixture
Beef Stew – Heterogeneous Mixture
Titanium – Element
Sugar – Compound
Bronze – Homogeneous Mixture
Light Bulb Filament – Element
Hydrogen Peroxide – Compound
Blueberry Muffin –

12. Changing Matter There are two types of ways that matter can change
Physical Change
-- a change that alters the form or appearance of matter, but does not convert matter into a new substance
-- examples include chopping wood, bending wire, melting ice
Chemical Change
-- a change where the original substances are rearranged to form new substances with the same elements
-- also called a chemical reaction
-- examples include rusting iron and burning wood

13. Chemical or Physical Change?
Are the following examples of chemical or physical changes? If you are not sure, ask yourself if the process was reversible; if it is, then it is a physical change
Burning gasoline – Chemical
Freezing kool-aid to make a popsicle – Physical
Cutting Paper – Physical
Blood clotting – Chemical
Digesting food – Chemical