1. Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama
By the name of Allah
Report about:
Bacterial Motility
by :
Islam Radi
Supervised by
Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama

2. introduction
Most bacteria, but not all, that are motile, move by using structures call FLAGELLA
Flagella are long rigid rod-like structures made of repeating protein subunits
They are attached to a MOTOR located in the cell wall that turns them like a propeller.
The flagella motor is powered by a flow of PROTONS, sort
acting like electricity

3. As flagella rotate they turn or rotate like a propeller and drive the bacterial cell through liquid
We will use this ability to detect whether the test bacteria are motile or non-motile

4. The following flagellar arrangements may be found
Monotrichous: a single flagellum at one pole

5. amphitrichous : single flagella at both poles

6. Lophotrichous: two or more flagella at one or both poles of the cell

7. peritrichous : completely surrounded by flagella

8. MOTILITY AGAR **Motile bacteria require liquid to move.
Thus bacteria can propel themselves in broth or across the surface of a wet agar plate.
**They will not however move when embedded in 1.5% agar, the minimum concentration found in most agar media.
**Semisolid agar has a reduced agar concentration (0.4 %) that allows flagellated bacteria to migrate from the site of inoculation..

9. **Semisolid media are prepared in tubes and are inoculated through most of their length by stabbing with a needle.
**Thus after 48 hours of incubation, growth of a motile organism will be observed as a turbid region extending from the stab.
**Nonmotile bacteria will only grow along the stab line

10. Incubate at room temperature for 48 hours **Examine for growth
**inoculate the tube by stabbing with the needle to approximately three-quarters of its depth
Be careful to bring the needle into the center of the medium and not to touch the side of the tube
Incubate at room temperature for 48 hours
**Examine for growth

11. Motile

12. Non motile

13. HANGING DROP SLIDE
**This method is commonly used to view living organisms for the rapid determination of motility.
**The hanging drop is prepared by suspending a fluid sample from a coverslip over a depression well in a specially designed microscope slide.

14. MATERIALS *Depression slides Cover slips** ***Petroleum jelly
****Toothpicks

15. Procedure
*With the toothpick , put a small amount of petroleum on each corner of the cover slip
** place one or tow loopful of a culture in the center of cover slip
*** the depression slide is placed on the cover slip with the depression over the frop of fluid
**** Examine with low power

16. THE END