1. Reham Sabri Hammad 2005\0076 Supervisor : Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama2007\2008 Islamic University_Gaza Medical Technology Department

2. Outlines Introduction. Introduction. Principle Of Citrate Test. Principle Of Citrate Test. Significance Of Citrate Test. Significance Of Citrate Test. Materials and Method. Materials and Method. Result. Result. Summary. Summary.

3. Introduction Tests for the ability of bacteria to convert citrate (an intermediate of the Krebs cycle) into oxaloacetate (another intermediate of the Krebs cycle). Tests for the ability of bacteria to convert citrate (an intermediate of the Krebs cycle) into oxaloacetate (another intermediate of the Krebs cycle). In this media, citrate is the only carbon source available to the bacteria. In this media, citrate is the only carbon source available to the bacteria.

4. Principle Of Citrate Test To determine if an organism is capable of utilizing citrate as sole carbon source for metabolism with resulting alkalinity. To determine if an organism is capable of utilizing citrate as sole carbon source for metabolism with resulting alkalinity. If organisms utilize citrate and ammonium salts, the medium becomes more basic and the bromthymol blue changes from green to blue as a result of an increase in the pH of the media. If organisms utilize citrate and ammonium salts, the medium becomes more basic and the bromthymol blue changes from green to blue as a result of an increase in the pH of the media. If it can not use citrate then it will not grow. If it can not use citrate then it will not grow.

5. Significance Of Citrate Test A differential cultural test to identify genera within the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae that are able to utilize sodium citrate as a sole source of carbon. A differential cultural test to identify genera within the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae that are able to utilize sodium citrate as a sole source of carbon.

6. Materials Simmons Citrate agar which contains : Simmons Citrate agar which contains :Simmons Citrate agarSimmons Citrate agar 1. sodium citrate (carbon source). 2. ammonium salts (nitrogen source). 3. Bromthymol blue indicator. Inoculating needle. Inoculating needle.

7. Method 1. Streak one organism over the surface of the agar slant, then stab the butt. 2. Incubate the tube at37°C for 48 hours.

8. Result Examine for growth (+). Examine for growth (+). Growth on the medium is accompanied by a rise in pH to change the medium from its initial green color to deep blue. Growth on the medium is accompanied by a rise in pH to change the medium from its initial green color to deep blue.

9. Result Some intestinal bacteria are (+)citrate as: Klebsiella. Some intestinal bacteria are (+)citrate as: Klebsiella. Citrobacter. Citrobacter. Enterbacter aerogenes. Enterbacter aerogenes. while others is(-) citrate as: E. coli while others is(-) citrate as: E. coli

11. Summary Summary Klebsiella Enterbacter aerogenes Citrobacter E. coli (+)(+)(+)(-)

12. At last, I wish that you have enjoyed my presentation. At last, I wish that you have enjoyed my presentation. Thank you, and have a nice day please. Thank you, and have a nice day please. My best wishes My best wishes

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