1. UNIT 4 CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAYS p. 90
Mrs. Elizabeth Coiman-Lopez, BAT., MS.
Houston Community College – Fall 2018

2. DEFINITION P. 90 REASON RESULT ACTION RESULT
Shows the reader the relationship between
something that happens and its consequences, or
Actions and results
EXAMPLE: If overfishing (ACTION), the fish population will diminish or disappear (RESULT)
Cause-Effect Essays can be:
Informative
Analytical
Insightful
Includes a single paragraph discussing a cause, an effect or both, in a longer essay such as a persuasive or argumentative.
REASON
RESULT
ACTION
RESULT
DEFINITION P. 90

3. KINDS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYS P. 90
FOCUS–ON–CAUSES METHOD:
Writer focuses on the CAUSES (actions or reasons)
How many people, when given a piece of information, like to analyze the topic
Asks: Why? How?
Each paragraph would address a different CAUSE,
Why does something happen?
FOCUS–ON–EFFECTS METHOD:
Writer focus on the EFFECTS or results of a cause.
Thinking hypothetically
Answers: What if?
Focus on the outcome of a particular event or action.
Each paragraph would address ONE EFFECT each.
What happens when…?
PRACTICE: Activity 1 p. 90
FOCUS–ON–CAUSES METHOD:
CAUSE CAUSE CAUSE
EFFECT
FOCUS–ON–EFFECTS METHOD:
CAUSE
EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT
KINDS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYS P. 90

4. FOCUS-ON-CAUSE ESSAY Activity 1 P. 90-93
WHY DO PEOPLE LIE?
Thesis
Three examples of liars from famous stories in the introduction.
Paragraph 4: Idiom: A white lie.
Paragraph 5: dangerous situation
Conclusion: the author gives a suggestion, an opinion, or a prediction.
FOCUS-ON-CAUSE ESSAY Activity P

5. FOCUS-ON-EFFECTS ESSAY Activity 2 P. 93-95
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN..?
Background knowledge of the Soviet Union.
Countries in the Soviet Union.
Writer’s MAIN passage in the essay
Thesis: Stated or Implied
Paragraph 2: One effect is the new market. Give examples
Paragraph 4: ethnic minorities and their problems. Which minorities and what problems?
Paragraph 2: a word that means SHIFT
Paragraph 5: synonym of MOMENTOUS
FOCUS-ON-EFFECTS ESSAY Activity P

6. DEVELOPING A CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAY Activity 3-8 P. 95-105
Complete the two outlines:
THE CAUSES OF BULLYING BEHAVIOR (Focus-on-Causes method)
THE EFFECTS OF BULLYING ON THE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING BULLIED (Focus-on-effects method)
Write supporting information
Write cause-effect connectors p. 100
Use Noun Clauses p. 12
Eliminate WORDINESS from your writing p. 103
Eliminate REDUNDANCY p, 104
DEVELOPING A CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAY Activity P