1. Leon C. Braat Alterra, Wageningen
Challenges in Spatially Explicit economic valuation Mapping the Values or Valuating the Maps?
Leon C. Braat
Alterra, Wageningen

2. The Challenges
1. to complete and improve current biophysical maps, to make them useful as a basis for economic (& cultural) valuation
2. to adapt current economic valuation methods to match spatially explicit ecosystem services
3. to develop an "easy to implement" basic valuation approach for member states (a valuation guidance document)
4. to train MS teams to build 2nd generation biophysical maps and produce economic value maps
5. to make the valuation approach more sophisticated:
==> plural values, integrated across multiple dimensions
6. to provide "input" for accounting systems

3. THE ECOLOGICAL – SOCIAL-ECONOMIC - INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Management/
Restoration
Feedback between
value perception
and use of eco-
system services
Laws and Institutions
Ecosystems
(incl. biodiversity)
Functions
Biophysical
Structure
or process
Human System
(socio-economic-cultural context)
wants
needs
Services
Biomass
work,
information
Benefits
Economic
& Cultural
Value
(-individual
& group)
Pollution,
destruction
Adapted by Braat, based on: De Groot et al., in TEEB 2010

4. THE ECOLOGICAL – SOCIAL-ECONOMIC - INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Management/
Restoration
Feedback between
value perception
and use of eco-
system services
Laws and Institutions
MAPS of Demand & Human Use
MAPS of Ecosystems (condition)
=>
potential services
Ecosystems
(incl. biodiversity)
Functions
Biophysical
Structure
or process
Human System
(socio-economic-cultural context)
MAPS of actual
Ecosystem Services
wants
needs
Services
Biomass
work,
information
Benefits
MAPS of Economic (+) Values
Economic
& Cultural
Value
(-individual
& group)
Pollution,
destruction
Adapted by Braat, based on: De Groot et al., in TEEB 2010

5. MAPS: EU Ecosystems (Natural Capital ) ~ capacity for services
27 April 2019

6. MAPS: National Level : Forest in Austria
Area Specific & Total Value of Carbon Sequestration
in Czech Republic ?
Key functions of the Austrian forests
Area Specific and Total Value
of Austrian Forest Areas ?

7. MAP EXAMPLES: Local -Hagen (Germany) Regulation Services (local Level)
Neighbourhood Specific & Total Value of Regulation
Services in Hagen , Germany?

8. WATER RESOURCES (FLOW MITIGATION)
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
WATER RESOURCES (FLOW MITIGATION)
VISIBLE BIODIVERSITY
FOOD CROPS PRODUCTION
WIND BREAKER
GRAZING
EROSION PROTECTION
Ecosystem Services in an Rural Landscape

9. Monetised Economic Value of Ecosystem Services
C ton/ha/yr* D €/ton*E ha -(cost)= R4 €
[P1 km dikes * Q1 €/km]/ N years + [ Q2 €/km/yr] -(cost) = R3 €
B ha * Biodiv score [e.g. 76%] * 100 €/ % = R5 €
P2 km hedge * ??
x ton/ha/yr* y €/ton*z ha -(cost)= R1 €
[P2 km dikes * Q3 €/km]/ N years + [ Q4 €/km/yr] -(cost) = R6 €
a ton/ha/yr* b €/ton*c ha -(cost) = R2 €
Monetised Economic Value of Ecosystem Services

10. Bundles of Ecosystem Services

11. Value of Bundles of Ecosystem Services
Bundle value of 1000 ha rural landscape (ES 1,2,3,4,5,)
= R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R
==> Average Value per Bundle type
Value of Bundles of Ecosystem Services

12. SIMPLISTIC MONETARY VALUATION Mapping and Valuing Bundles Average € Price / ha per type of bundle
BUNDLE 1 = B1 ha * P1 €/ha
BUNDLE 2 = B2 ha * P2 €/ha
BUNDLE 3 = B3 ha * P3 €/ha
BUNDLE 4 = B4 ha * P4 €/ha
BUNDLE 5 = B1 ha * P5 €/ha

13. Non-Monetrary (deliberative ) valuation of
Bundles of Ecosystem Services : priority ranking
Figure L4. Simultaneous provision of different ecosystem services (law = avalanche protection, erhol = recreation, CO2 = carbon sequestration, hab = habitat provision, holz = timber production) across the forest in the case study area indicating priority ecosystem services and ecosystem services trade-offs. (Bebi et al., 2012).

14. Improving "basic" valuation

15. FORMAL “INTEGRATED” VALUATION
1. Integration across the Value Production Chain From source of value to valuators
2. Integration across Value Types
From individual economic to social cultural
3. Integration of valuation methods
From monetary market-based to non-monetary deliberative
4. Integration across time and space
From now =>future, from local to global

16. 1 + 2. VALUATION across Value Production Chain & Value Types

17. 3. INTEGRATION OF VALUATION METHODS Monetary+ Non-Monetary
"integrated"
Monetary
single vs mixed
Non-
Monetary
single vs mixed

18. VALUE from ES 4. INTEGRATION over Time and Space VALUE from ES LONG
GLOBAL
VALUE
from ES
MEDIUM
NATIONAL
VALUE
from ES
SHORT
LOCAL
VALUE
from ES

19. END