1. Globalising justice within coffee supply chains
Globalising justice within coffee supply chains? Fair Trade, Starbucks and the transformation of supply chain governance

2. Introduction
Evaluation of two initiatives that attempt to embed principles of social justice and responsibility into the institutional structures of economic governance in the coffee industry
Empowerment as an evaluative framework
First, an analysis of the structural origins of power and disempowerment in the industry
Then, an evaluation of the impact and the potential of each of the two initiatives

3. Power and Disempowerment in the Global Coffee Industry
Dimensions of disempowerment among small producers and workers
Key actors and institutional structures, and their role in shaping patterns of disempowerment
Differentiated commodity chains: ‘conventional’ and ‘specialty’
Multiple sites of territorial ‘embedding’
Multi-level institutions of state-based governance
(Neo-liberal) ‘globalisation’, and the strategic redefinition of institutional capabilities: implications for structures and dynamics of disempowerment

4. Fair Trade: emergence of an ‘alternative’ institutional model
Emergence as a critique of and alternative to existing institutional system
The institutional structure of fair trade: an ‘endogenised’ system of economic governance
The transformation of economic relations: production, exchange and consumption
The transformation of social and political relations: strengthened forms of transnational identification, solidarity and responsibility

5. Evaluating the impact of fair trade
Incomes and social infrastructure
Institution building and empowerment
Strengthening and thickening of institutional architectures around the fair trade system provides a base to support broader forms of social exchange and political mobilisation
Challenges of ‘scaling up’ or ‘mainstreaming’
Scaling up consumption
Scaling up production
The challenge of redistributing power within cross-cutting institutional sites

6. Starbucks Café Practices
Emergence of the initiative in response to multiple objectives and pressures: ‘social responsibility’ integrated within a broader conception of ‘sustainable’ coffee sourcing
Key actors and institutional mechanisms

7. Evaluating the impact of the Café Practices program
Learning and capacity building at sites of production
Impact on working conditions, social infrastructure and environmental practices
Promoting discourses of ‘responsibility’ and ‘sustainability’ among wider actors and institutional sites
Lack of commitment to accountability or empowerment

8. Complementary interactions
Interactions between initiatives: multi-layered structures and strategic dilemmas
Complementary interactions
Reinforcement of transformative discourse (at sites of production and consumption)
Reconfiguring incentives and developing institutional capacity
Interactions with wider initiatives and campaigns
Tensions and strategic dilemmas
Corporate purchasing and marketing of fair trade products
Discursive transformation versus competitive branding: dilemmas surrounding appropriate forms of public communication
Implications for ‘mainstreaming’: competing pathways to wider institutional transformation

9. Conclusions: Towards the transformation of supply chain governance
Embedding principles of ‘social justice’ within multi-level institutions governing production and trade in the coffee industry
Challenging the normative definition of (global) social contracts
Developing institutional innovations that seek to embed these principles within concrete institutional forms
Structural redistribution of social power within a transformed institutional system
Transformative pathways and potentials
Limitations and challenges