1. Cellular Respiration Unit

2. Overview of Respiration
aerobic = requires oxygen to occur
(ex: cellular respiration)
vs.
anaerobic = does not require oxygen to occur
(ex: glycolysis and fermentation)

3. Overview of Respiration (cont)
Organic Compounds
Glycolysis
ATP
Oxygen Present
Oxygen Absent
Fermentation
(anaerobic)
Cellular Respiration
(aerobic) No
ATP
ATP

4. - takes place in the cytoplasm of cells
Glycolysis
- takes place in the cytoplasm of cells
- always occurring and does not require oxygen
- occurs before cellular respiration or fermentation

5. - 2 ATP are used to start process
Glycolysis (cont)
- 2 ATP are used to start process
- breaks down glucose into a net of 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH
- Why is there a net of 2 ATP?

6. - Why is there a net of 2 ATP?
Glycolysis (cont)
- Why is there a net of 2 ATP?
Used
Made
4 - 2 = 2

7. Glycolysis (cont)
- products (pyruvate and NADH) enter either cellular respiration or fermentation
- Efficiency = 3.5 % (only 2 ATP are made)

8. Overview of Cellular Respiration
= releases chemical energy from sugars and other organic compounds to make ATP when oxygen is present

9. Overview of Cellular Respiration (cont)
- occurs in the mitochondria of cells

10. Overview of Cellular Respiration
1) Mitochondria
2) Pyruvate (from glycolysis)
3) Krebs Cycle
takes place in
matrix of mitochondria
4) ATP and CO2
5) Movement to Stage 2
6) Energy from Krebs Cycle & O2
7) ATP and H20

11. Overview of Respiration
Organic Compounds
Glycolysis
ATP
Oxygen Present
Oxygen Absent
Fermentation
(anaerobic)
Cellular Respiration
(aerobic) No
ATP
ATP

12. Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages
* occurs in the mitochondria
1) Krebs Cycle
= produces molecules that carry energy to the second stage of cellular respiration

13. Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages (cont)
- pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down
- some ATP and other energy forms are made
- carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product

14. Krebs Cycle

16. Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages (cont)
2) Electron Transport Chain
- made of proteins
- uses energy from Krebs cycle and oxygen to make ATP
- water and heat are given off as waste products

17. Electron Transport Chain

19. Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages (cont)
Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
= 66% (38 ATP are made)

20. Equation for Cellular Respiration
Reactants Products
C6H12O O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O
(sugar = (oxygen) (carbon (water)
glucose) dioxide)

21. - starts with glycolysis
Fermentation
- starts with glycolysis
- does not make ATP (but allows glycolysis to continue)

23. Overview of Respiration
Organic Compounds
Glycolysis
ATP
Oxygen Present
Oxygen Absent
Fermentation
(anaerobic)
Cellular Respiration
(aerobic) No
ATP
ATP

24. 1) Lactic Acid Fermentation - occurs in your muscle cells
Fermentation (cont)
Types
1) Lactic Acid Fermentation
- occurs in your muscle cells
- produces lactic acid, results in muscle fatigue and cramps
- produces NAD+ that goes back to glycolysis

25. Lactic Acid Fermentation

26. 2) Alcoholic Fermentation
Fermentation (cont)
2) Alcoholic Fermentation
- produces alcohol (ethyl) and carbon dioxide
- produces NAD+ that goes back to glycolysis

27. Alcoholic Fermentation

28. Importance of Fermentation
- produces food products we use (bread, cheese, yogurt)
- allows glycolysis to continue
- microorganisms in digestive tract break down food (allows more nutrients to be absorbed)