1. Creating World-Class Universities in developing countries
Jamil Salmi
2nd Conference on WCUs
Shanghai, 1-2 November 2007

3. Ferrari and Fiat 500

4. Ferrari and Fiat 500

5. Natural lab experiment:
U. of Malaya vs. NUS
early 1960s: 2 branches of University of Malaya
today:
NUS ranked # 19
UM only # 192
1965 independence of Singapore

6. outline of the presentation
defining the world-class university
the path to becoming a world-class university

7. defining the WCU
self-declaration
reputation
rankings

9. top notch staff members financially able and well equipped
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s definition of a world class university:
culture of excellence as a learning organization (meritocracy, exploration and creativity)
top notch staff members
financially able and well equipped
smart partnership with industry and other stakeholders
exemplary reputation and credibility (research excellence and quality of graduates)
high quality student intake
1The pool of intellectual resource should create an ambiance for optimum learning. The intellectual diversity “hybrid vigour” to energise the positive changes. The harmonic coexistence between the leader and the led, the gifted and the selected, culminating in a collective conscience of the scholars striving for excellence. It would be led by selfless leaders who are passionate and committed to the mission. Creating a culture of excellence, meritocracy, exploration and creativity.  
2. Staff members who are the “top talents”, leading authorities in their respective areas of specialisation. Strong leadership is achieved via commanding knowledge and substantial contribution in the academic fraternity. These empowered staff would multitask between academic workload, consultation, marketing and maintenance of healthy and beneficial relationships with the industry.  
3. A well-equipped institution that is financially well endowed with assets and income-generating investments. It also receives generous endowment from government, corporate bodies and alumni members to finance its quest for excellence; to invest in the state of the art facilities, R&D and able to attract and maintain top talent for its faculties.  
4. The institutions which develop smart partnerships with the industry and top stakeholders are able to create synergy by providing industry-driven R&D. Strong collaboration ensures fit-for-purpose product and services that are sought after enhancing income stream via increase in industry and alumni contributions and product rapid commercialisation.
5. The institution ranks among the best globally. It is recognised for continued excellence in research, churning out quality graduates and offering the best facilities and staffing support. Graduates are henceforth highly demanded by stakeholders and major corporations  
6. Stringent entry requirements that filter in only the cream: balancing the pursuit of leadership excellence, scholastic pursuits with extracurricular activities. Selects students with high research potential that contributes towards elevation of the institution, worldwide.

10. results and performance
top graduates
leading edge research
technology transfer

11. critical dimensions concentration of talent abundant resources
favorable governance

12. Alignment of Key Factors
Characteristics of a World-Class University
Alignment of Key Factors
Autonomy
Academic Freedom
Students
Teaching Staff
Researchers
Research Output
Technology Transfer
Concentration
of Talent
Abundant
Resources
Favorable Governance
Leadership Team
Strategic Vision
Culture of Excellence
Public Budget Resources
Endowment Revenues
Tuition Fees
Research Grants
WCU
Supportive Regulatory Framework
Graduates
Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi

13. U. Of Malaya vs. NUS
talent
UM: selection bias in favor of Bumiputras, less than 5% foreign students, no foreign professors
NUS: highly selective, 43% of graduates students are foreign, many foreign professors

14. U. Of Malaya vs. NUS (II) governance
finance
UM: $118 million, $4,053 per student
NUS: $750 million endowment, $205 million, $6,300 per student
governance
UM: restricted by government regulations and control, unable to hire top foreign professors
NUS: status of a private corporation, able to attract world-class researchers (incl. Malaysians)

15. France and Germany low in the rankings
civil service status and mentality
no tradition of competition
France: autonomy on a voluntary basis, rejected

16. Germany “Excellence initiative” governance reform competition
additional resources
governance reform
France: autonomy on a voluntary basis, rejected

17. France world rankings have forced to ask questions dual structure
“Grandes Ecoles” with best students, more resources and favorable governance, but no research
universities: “second best” students, but research vocation
autonomy reform
France: autonomy on a voluntary basis, rejected

18. outline of the presentation
defining the world-class university
the path to becoming a world-class university

19. the path to glory upgrading existing institutions mergers
creating a new institution

20. Upgrading & Fixing Universities
Upgrade your knowledge –
enhance, repair, connect, and adapt your universities!

21. upgrading approach less costly
challenge of creating a culture of excellence
focus on governance

22. mergers approach
potential synergies
1+1=3
clash of cultures

23. creating a new institution
higher costs
getting the right culture from the beginning
Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, Luxemburg, MMU in Malaysia, Paris School of Economics, Olin College of Engineering

24. who takes the initiative?
role of the State
favorable regulatory framework
funding
role of the institutions
leadership
strategic vision
culture of excellence
Oxford

25. Clemson University
land grant university focused on agricultural and mechanical crafts
changing region
strategic partnership with BMW to become premier automotive and sports car research U
aims to become # 20
Ranking of 75. Scanning of changing region (North Carolina): NASCAR and major car producers (BMW, Toyota)

29. conclusion what kind of institution? added value? alignment
time dimension
Teaching: top professors teaching undergraduate students
Alignment: University of São Paulo
Time dimension: Kazakhstan, Gulf states, Saudi Arabia