1. Chapter 8 Population Pyramids

2. Learning Outcomes – By the end of the class you should be able to:
Read a population pyramid.
Analyse a population pyramid and make predictions about the future impacts of population growth and decline.

3. Look out for these Key Words during the lesson:
Population Pyramid
Age Structure
Sex/Gender Structure
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Static
Expanding

4. Homework for next class
Textbook: Revise pp
Revise Population Pyramid sheet

5. Population Pyramid of Ireland With your partner what can you tell me about this population pyramid????
Male
Female

6. Video clip
..\..\Video clips\Population Pyramids - The basics.mp4

7. Studying Population pyramids
Show gender and age profile of population
Provide information on:
Percentage of males and females
How many people in each age group
Birth rates and death rates
Life expectancy of population – from structure
How developed a country is – from shape
Percentage of population dependent
Exam hint: You need to know what population pyramids are and what they show.

8. Population Pyramid Gender Number of Males Number of Females
in this age range
Number of Females
in this age range
What kind of economy does this country have do you think? Why?
What has happened for population to decline at Age Range 20-29?
Is there a large proportion of elderly people in this country?
Populations can help governments see the needs of a population in areas such as jobs, education and transport.
Scale
Age Range

9. Advantages of Population Pyramids
Easy and Clear to analyse.
More detail of the age and gender of a country’s population.
Governments can use the Population Pyramid to make decisions to meet the populations needs.
Education
Jobs
Transport

10. Population Pyramids
We are now going to look at 3 different countries, Brazil, Germany and Ireland.
For each country we are going to examine
Birth rates
Death rates
Life expectancy

11. Brazil Look at: Birth Rate Death Rate High Birth Rate – Wide base
Young age
Structure
High Death rate –
Narrow peak

12. Population pyramid: Brazil
1) Birth rates
2) Death rates
3) Life expectancy
0-4 band – birth rates high, rapidly growing population
Factors:
Women: traditional role
Lack of family planning
High infant mortality
Children care for parents when old
Top narrow – death rates high
Lack of clean water
Lack of health services
Low living standards
Narrow peak – few people survive into old age
Healthcare not available
Harsh working conditions
Lack of sanitation

13. Germany Low and declining birth rate Narrow base Older population
structure
Low death rate
Broader peak.

14. Population pyramid: Germany
1) Birth rates
2) Death rates
3) Life expectancy
Narrow base – birth rates low, static or declining
Factors:
Women have careers
Practise family planning
Infant mortality low
Children don’t work
Children not expected to care for old parents
Wide at middle and towards top – death rates low
High standard of living
Excellent health service
Good sanitation and water
Fewer diseases
Wide peak – high life expectancy
Access to healthcare
Good services for elderly
High living standards

15. Population pyramid: Ireland
4.5 million in 2010
Developed country
Population growing slowly

16. Population pyramid: Ireland
Birth rates
Death rates
Life expectancy
Slight increase at base but birth rate is low
Factors:
Low infant mortality
Access to family planning
Role of women in society
Women have children later in life
Wide at middle and top – low death rate
Access to healthcare
Vaccinations
High standard of living
Educated about healthy living
Clean water and sanitation
Wide peak – high life expectancy
Good care for elderly
Good health services

17. 1. What are the main differences between the population
structures shown in photographs. X Y
2. Can you explain these differences using a graph above? B A

18. Homework
Mr. Cadogan has just received a population pyramid and cannot remember how to read it. In a letter, explain to him how to interpret a population pyramid.
Please include the basic parts of a pyramid (Age and Gender) and the difference in a developing (triangle) and developed (diamond) shaped pyramids.

19. Can you…. Read a population pyramid.
Analyse a population pyramid and make predictions about the future impacts of population growth and decline.