1. SC.912.N.1.1 Scientific Method 1 In the experiment above identify the:
1. Independent variable – a) opening or covering b) meat c) jar d) flies
*(manipulated) * Can only have one…..
2. Dependent variable- a) opening or covering b) meat c) jar d) flies
*(responding) what is measured.
3. Control group- Jar- A, B, or C
* (used as a comparison)
4. What are two constants shown? ____________& _____________
5. Each discovery must be submitted to and pass a _________ review.
Meat
Jar
Peer 1
* T or F Redi’s experiment disproved spontaneous generation.

2. SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory ells mallest structural existing C B A 2
The components of the cell theory are:
A. All living things are composed of c_______.
B. Cells are the s_______________ unit of life.
C. All cells come from pre-_____________ cells.
ells
mallest structural
existing
Match the above components of the cell theory with the with the following statements.
___ Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was disproved.
___ Invention of the microscope aided in the cell theory
___ Plants and animals are made of cells . C B A
T or F The scanning electron microscope can take 3-D images.
T or F A theory can be observed a law cannot.
T or F A theory and law are interchangeable.
T or F The “Cell Theory” was only accepted after many years of
collective research by scientist such as Hooke, Schwann
and Schleiden. 2

3. SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Ribosomes 3
Category of cells with out a nucleus . ______________
Category of cells with a nucleus. ______________
Both contain _____________ used in protein synthesis.
Both Cells contain a plasma or cell membrane
Eukaryotes
Ribosomes
T or F Bacteria contain DNA but lack a nuclear membrane.
T or F Prokaryotes include bacteria (archaebacteria and eubacteria)
T or F Eukaryotic cells are found in Plants, Animals , Fungi and Protist. 3

4. SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure
The three main differences between plant and animal cells are - _____________, ___________ & large _________________.
The “Power House” which produces ATP is the __________________.
Small structures responsible for “protein synthesis” located on the ER are the _______________.
The organelle responsible for transport is the ____________________ and storage is the ___________ Body.
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Mitochondria
ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi
* T or F Plants cells are heterotrophic and animal cells autotrophic.
* T or F Photosynthesis occurs in a plant cells chloroplast. 4

5. The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of L ________ & P __________.
If a large molecule is transported across the membrane in which energy is required it is known as A______________ transport.
P____________ transport such as osmosis requires no energy.
ipids
roteins
ctive
assive
T or F The cell membrane is semi or selectively permeable.
T or F Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 5

6. Diffusion & Osmosis
1. Diffusion is the movement from a h ____________ to a l________ concentration.
igh ow
ypertonic
2. Label the following solutions H_________ 2. I_________ 3. H_________
sotonic
ypotonic
3. What keeps the plant cell from bursting in the
Hypotonic solution?
C______ W______.
4. Diffusion of water is known as: O_________
5. What would happen to
a fresh water plant if it
was placed in salt water.
___________
ell
all
smosis
Shrivels (Shrinks)
T or F Salt sucks the moisture out
of a cells, dehydrating them. 6

7. __Carbohydrate _____Lipid_________ ________________
SC.912.L Macromolecules
__Carbohydrate _____Lipid_________ ________________
____Nucleic acid____ ____protein___________

8. SC.912.L Macromolecules
Which macromolecule has each of the following elements?
Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H) and Oxygen(O)? Lipid
Carbon (C), Hydrogen(H) and Oxygen(O)? Carbohydrate
Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen(N)? Protein
Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen(O), Nitrogen(N) and Phosphorus(P)? Nucleic acid

9. SC.912.L.18.9 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
ENERGY IN
water
Photosynthesis – Sun + _______ _______ (C02) and ___________ (H2O).
produces - _____________ (C6H1206) and _______________ (O2).
2. Cellular Respiration- ____________ (C6H1206) and _____________ (O2)
produces _______ ________ (C02) and _____________ (H2O). * ___ ___ __
Carbon dioxide
glucose
oxygen
glucose
oxygen
water
A T P
Carbon dioxide
ENERGY
OUT
3. Photosynthesis occurs in the c______________ and cellular respiration in
the m___________________.
hloroplasts
itochondria
T or F Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are the opposites (interrelated) of each other.
T or F Plants carry on both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
T or F Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration and produces
alcohol and lactic acid as by products. *Aerobic 36 ATP & Anaerobic 2 ATP. 10

10. SC.912.L.18.12 Properties of Water#
Property
Importance 1.
Polarity
A -Sticks to itself. 2.
Adhesion
B- Regulates temperature. 3.
Cohesion
C- Bugs can walk on water. 4.
Capillary Action
D- Keeps lakes from freezing solid. 5.
Surface Tension
E- Moment through plants. 6.
Water expands, forms ice.
F- Water moves upwards because of cohesion. 7.
High Heat Capacity
G- Sticks to something else. 8.
Transpiration
H- Dissolves substance (+ and -). H G A F C D B E
Cross out 9
T or F Non - polar substances such as oils
will dissolve in water.
T or F During a frost or freeze oranges (fruits) and
vegetables such as tomatoes are often
damaged when the water is the cells expand. 11

11. SC.912.L.14.7 Plant Structure 12 Pistil
STAMEN
Pistil
Chloroplast
G__________
Cells
uard
S_________
(opening)
toma
The female parts (P____________) include the stigma , style and o_______.
The anther produces the male gamete – p__________.
istil
vary
ollen
The _____________________ carries water and minerals up the plant.
The _____________________ carries nutrients down from the leaves.
xylem
phloem
Mosses , algae and lichens are short because they lack a v__________________ system. *( are non-vascular)
Gymnosperms include the conifers that produce p ______________ cones.
Angiosperms produce f_____________ and seeds with in fruits.
ascular
ine
lowers
T or F Ferns reproduce with spores.
T or F Cactus have modified leaves(spines) to prevent from drying
out in the desert.
T or F Plant growth occurs from the meristem through mitosis. 12

12. LOBES SC.912.L.14.26 The Brain 13 C______________ erebrum
P______________
arietal
F______________
rontal
P_______
ons
BRAIN STEM
M________
Oblongata
edulla
O____________
ccipital
C________________
erebellum
T____________
emporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
T or F The temporal lobe is visible from a view from the top. 13

13. SC.912.L.14.36 Cardiovascular System
T or F A stroke is caused by blockage of blood flow
to the heart.
T or F Plaque build up in the arteries is known as
atherosclerosis.
T or F Arteries carry oxygenated blood towards
the heart and veins carry deoxygenated
blood away from the heart.
T or F As you exercise CO2 levels
will increase and O2 levels
decrease.
STROKE
brain
T or F A high viscosity (thickness) of blood causes an increased
resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow. 
T or F Blood pressure is caused by the contraction of the
ventricles in the heart.
T or F Exercise increases blood flow.
T or F Blood pressure can directly affect blood flow through the
circulatory system.
T or F As people age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing
vessel resistance, which leads to disease
Atherosclerosis 14

14. SC.912.L Immune System
Any thing that triggers a immune response is known as a p________________.
athogen
Immune Response
Non-Specific
Specific
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Antibodies
Inflammation
T- Cells , B-Cells
Memory Cells
Antibodies
T-Cells
Over use of antibiotics can lead to resistance and the creation of “S___________ Bugs”
uper
The s_________is the body's first line of defense against infection and is a n_________________ defense against foreign organisms.
T or F The body produces antibodies to combat germs or antigens.
T or F White blood cells (leukocytes) engulf and destroy pathogens.
T or F When a person is vaccinated, they are injected with weakened or antigens of a virus.
T or F Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
kin
atural (nonspecific) 15

15. SC.912.L.16.13 Reproductive SystemF
ygote
Z______ - Blastocyst U O C V
Identify the above structures:
F____________________Tube, U___________________,
C_____________ O______________ & V______________
Letter
Structure
Function
Scrotum
Produce sperm located in the scrotum
Vas Deferens G
Produces sugary fluid for energy for the sperm
Seminal Vesicle
Stores maturing sperm
Epididymis
2 Tubes that carry sperm
Prostate
Contain testes , can alter shape.
Testes A
Carries urine and sperms out of the body.
Urethra
Produces a lubrications fluid.
allopian
terus C B
ervix
vary
agina E
T or F Fertilization occurs in the uterus.
T or F The blastocyst implants into the uterus
during normal human.
T or F The development of a blastocyst follows
the formation of a zygote.
Tor F The CERVIX (neck) contains a mucous membrane and
traps germs and sperm from entering fallopian tubes. G D D E F C
T or F The scrotum can change shape in response
to temperature for optimal sperm production.
T or F Sperm is formed in the testes , stored and
matures in the epididymis and then travels
out through the vas deferens. B
G,F 16

16. 17 1st Trimester 2nd Trimester 3rd Trimester
Major organs form (heart & brain) /Can determine the sex of the baby, fingernails form/ Baby puts on weight , lungs form..
Fetus
after
8wks
1st Trimester nd Trimester rd Trimester
T or F The human embryo is called a fetus
after the eighth week of development?
T or F Nourishment is provided to the fetus by
the amniotic sac.
T or F Alcohol is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during
this time many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming.
T or F The fingernails start growing and the sex of the baby can be
determined in the 1st trimester.
T or F It is in the 3rd semester that the baby puts on most of its (mass) body weight.
T or F The lungs fully develop in the third semester in preparation for the baby’s first breath. 17

17. C________________ C_______________
SC.912.L.17.5 Population Size
What is represented by K on the graph to the left?
C________________ C_______________
Exponential Growth is represented by an _____ curve and Logistic an ______ curve.
What is the carrying capacity for the population in the graph to the left? __________ thousand.
Limiting Factors that regulate population growth can be non-living- ( A_____________) or living (B__________)
arrying
apacity K J S
two
Thousands
biotic
iotic
T or F A population moving into an area is immigration and out of an area emigration.
T or F Bacteria that cause a disease would be considered an abiotic living factor.
T or F Light is an abiotic limiting factor for organisms living in the aphotic zone.
T or F The predator prey relationship controls the population size of both species.
Photic zone
Aphotic zone
What would happen if the artic hare population declines do to a lack of food?
________________________________________________________________________
The Canadian Lynxx population will also decline, allowing more hares to survive and the cycle will repeat. 18

18. Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreat
T or F Primary succession start with bare rock and its
pioneer species are lichen and mosses.
T or F Secondary succession start with soil and follows a
disturbance such as a fire or plowing
Succession
Lichens & Moss
Characteristic
Primary
Secondary
Bare Rock
Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreat
Regrowth after a
Fire or a disturbance
such as plowing a field
Starts with
Soil
Lichens
& Moss
Weed & Grasses
ROCK
Primary
Secondary
Pioneer
Weeds and Grasses
SOIL 19
Climax

19. Miller & Urey’s Experiment
SC.912.L.15.8 Origin of Life
T or F The 1st organisms to developed on Earth due
to the early environmental conditions on were
prokaryotic and anaerobic bacteria.
T or F In order for life to develop on earth synthesis of
organic molecules would have to of formed.
T or F Miller and Urey were able to “create” life.
T or F In Miller and Urey’s experiment they found it possible
to create simple organic molecules (amino acids)
found on primitive earth.
T or F Miller’s & Urey’s experiments were able to “model”
primitive earth.
Miller & Urey’s Experiment
Place in order the hypothesized order of origin of the following. Just Place the letter - (A), (B), (C), or (D)
(A) eukaryotic heterotrophs (B) prokaryotic anaerobes (C) eukaryotic autotrophs (D) prokaryote aerobes
__________________ __________________ ________________ ________________
no oxygen or nucleus use oxygen and no nucleus nucleated plants nucleated consumers
(nclude cyanobacteria) B D C A
The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.
Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?
A. They had more DNA
B. They were able to make more use of available energy
Mitochondria 20

20. SC.912.L Natural Selection
Match the idea (theory) with the person belief.
D___________would state that Giraffe (letter) ____ would survive because it is the fittest.
L_________________ would argue that either Giraffe A or B could s___________ their necks and pass on the trait on to their offspring.
*They were known as A______________ traits
arwin C
amarck
tretch
cquired A B C
T or F Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
T or F An organism with favorable genetic variations
will tend to survive and breed successfully
T or F Genetic drift refers to the change in a type of
genes in a population due to a random occurrence
and can lead to a change in biodiversity.
Is this genetic drift?
Yes or No
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that
undergoes no changes for a long period.
How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
T or F
A small portion of the population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased biodiversity..
A. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
B. It will reduce genetic diversity 21

21. An example of genetic drift, in which the surviving individuals have different allele frequencies from the original population
is called: Bottleneck effect_____________
_______________ (due to natural disaster)
An example of genetic drift, in which a portion of the original population breaks off resulting in different allele frequencies is called: Founder effect______________
_______________

22. Geographic Isolation
A population divided into or more populations is Geographic________ Isolation___, which is due to Continental_____________ drift________.

23. SC.912.L.15.6 Classification 22 Cladogram Autotrophic Heterotroph
1. Which species is most closely related to species K?
A. species E
B. species F
C. species G
D. species I
T or F
The cladogram shows
common ancestry.
Autotrophic
Heterotroph
Archae
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Unicellular
Multicellular
T or F DNA, Molecular, and chemical evidence have shed new light on the
classification of organisms. DNA = Best Answer!
T or F Both Plants and some Bacteria & Protists are autotrophic and able to photosynthesize. 22

24. (Same , Structure , Different Function)
SC.912.L.15.1 Evolution
Common Ancestor
Identify the following form of evidence that support common ancestry.
Molecular (DNA)
H_______________ Structures
(Same , Structure , Different Function)
omologous
V ___________________
estigial organs
F_______________
“oldest evidence”
ossil Evidence
“Non-use”
E___________________
mbryological Evidence
T or F The newest and most concise evidence supporting common ancestry
is molecular or DNA evidence. 23

25. (Different Structure , Same Function)
Analogous______________ Structures
(Different Structure , Same Function)
Vestigial__________________
“Non-use”

26. * You may have to put skulls in order of evolution.
Human Evolution
Huh!
(Brow Ridge) 3 4 1 2
* You may have to put skulls in order of evolution.
Hominoid evolution changes in the skull include:
Larger cranium for a larger b_________.
Shorter jaw, less space for w______ teeth.
Face is flatter less pronation of the jaw . Face is ____ degrees.
A decrease in the b_______ ridge above the eyes.
Human learned to walk up right b________________
6. Modern mans scientific name is H______ s________
rain
isdom 90
row
ipedal
omo apiens 24

27. SUSTAINABILITY SC.912.L.17.20 Human Impact 30
T or F The burning of the fossil fuel coal released both CO2 and SO2 which can
lead to Global Warming and Acid Rain.
T or F One of the negative affects of wind power is its possibility to harm birds.
T or F Nuclear Energy is clean energy but can lead to a disaster if a meltdown occurs.
T or F Natural Gas is “cleaner” than burning coal.
T or F All energy comes from the Sun, even hydropower.
SUSTAINABILITY
Not Geothermal
T or F Invasive species such as the Burmese python can compete
with native species reduce the biodiversity in an ecosystem.
T or F Inbreeding can increase the passing on of harmful traits. 30

28. Human activities ALTER the Enviornment_________.
Acid_____ ___rain____: damages water systems (Lakes____), destroys aquatic life due to burning of fossil_____ fuels______
Deforestation____: Clearing of the land causes Habitat_____ destruction
Invasive_____ Species____: Introducing non-native species to a new area.
Ozone_________ depletion_________ from the release of CFCs
Fossil Fuels
Add __carbon dioxide________ to atmosphere leads to global climate change (Global______ Warming__________)
Population Increase
Increase consumption & destruction
Loss of habitat_________
Loss of biodiversity___________
Habitat Loss=Loss of Biodiversity________

29. SC.912.L.17.9 Food Webs and Energy
Human Genome Project
T or F Almost 50 % of energy is passed on from
one trophic level to the next.
T or F The Hawk receives the least amount of
energy from the producer.
T or F The removal of the producer would effects
all other organisms.
T or F The snake and lizard are secondary consumers.
10%
T or F Burning of plant material returns
carbon primarily to the atmosphere.
BIOMAGNIFICATION 31
T or F Pesticides such as DDT can magnify there way up
the food chain effecting the top predators the greatest.

30. Lakes Explain the general distribution of life in aquatic systems as a function of chemistry, geography, light depth, salinity, pressure and temperature.
True or False
1. As you go deeper the pressure increases. T or F
2. There are a greater number of organisms in the photic zone than the aphotic zone. T or F
3. You would find phytoplankton living in the aphotic zone. T or F
4. The deep bottom of the ocean is called the abyss. T or F
5. As you dive deeper the water temperature decreases (gets colder). T or F
6. The oceans water have a greater salinity than a lake. T or F
hotic C
P________
Zone
enthic
photic
B______
Zone
A_______
Zone
Temperature-
Pressure-
# of Organisms
decreases
DEPTH
increases
Abyss
decreases

31. Extra Slide # 2 – Properties of Water