1. Biologics and biomarkers for asthma, urticaria, and nasal polyposis
Thomas B. Casale, MD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 139, Issue 5, Pages (May 2017)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Therapeutic targets for type 2–high inflammation in asthmatic patients. The figure shows cytokines and mediators released from epithelial and inflammatory cells acting on other cells important in the pathogenesis of asthma. The box shows biologics and their targets, which are integrated into the figure by colored cross hatches.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Mechanism of action of dupilumab. Dupilumab binds to the IL-4α chain prohibiting either IL-4 or IL-13 from binding and subsequent signaling through the STAT6 pathway.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Anti-IL-5 stategies. Reslizumab and mepolizumab bind to IL-5 whereas benralizumab binds to the IL-5α chain preventing IL-5 from binding and mediating antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity of cells bearing this receptor.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Mechanism of action of omalizumab. Omalizumab binds to free IgE forming small immune complexes which are cleared by the reticuloendothelial system. The reduction in IgE leads to decreased expression of the high affinity IgE receptor and decreased mediator release from mast cells and basophils and decreased antigen capture by dendritic cells.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions