1. In The Name Of the Most High

2. Chabahar Maritime University
Faculty of Humanities
Professor:
Dr. khoshsima
By:
Z. Dehghan
May 2014

3. Alternative assessment Techniques
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Alternative assessment Techniques
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4. Introduction Assessment and Testing Traditional assessment tools
Alternative assessment tools
Focus on “portfolios”
Traditional assessment vs. Alternative assessment
Advantages of alternative assessment

5. Assessment and testing
Are they different?
Testing is formal and often standardized
Assessment is based on a collection of information about what students know and what they are able to do.

6. Assessment and testing
Assessment :“any method used to better understand the current knowledge that a student possesses”
Testing : “single-occasion, one-dimensional, timed exercise, usually in multiple choice or short-answer form”

7. Traditional assessment tools
The most widely used traditional assessment tools are:
Multiple-choice tests
True/false tests
Short answers
Essays.

8. Alternative assessment tools
Alternative assessment tools include:
Portfolios
Anecdotal records
Audio and video recordings
Checklists
Diaries
Journals
Writing folders
Conference
Debriefings

9. Portfolios
Portfolios consist of student work that displays mastery of skill of the task and expression .
Paulson and Meyer define Portfolios “ a purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student’s efforts, progress, and achievements in one or more areas.
The collection must include student participation in selecting contents, the criteria for judging merit, and evidence of student self reflection”
Because of their cumulative nature, portfolios require a lot of input and responsibility of the student . Moreover, they demand a great deal of time commitment from the teachers.

10. Portfolios
Portfolios are an opportunity for students to provide documentation of their learning activities, ideas and reflections.
Portfolios help students take more responsibility for their own learning. By making decisions about what to include in their portfolios.
Students become knowledge producers rather than knowledge receivers .Thus, portfolios help students construct their own knowledge base (constructivism) as opposed to reacting to a teaching stimulus provided by the teacher (behaviorism).

11. Portfolios
The portfolio is not supposed to be an easy alternative to substitute for testing.
If the portfolio is taken seriously, applied with skill and intelligence, it can become a teacher’s valuable tool.

12. Anecdotal Records  
An anecdotal record is a collection of written observations of students related to their progress in learning.
This written account of observations may be kept in a separate notebook or included in a student’s portfolio. Teacher notes to students, weather offering criticism or encouragement.
Using this technique allows teachers the opportunity to modify their instruction to better meet the needs of their students.

13. Diaries and Writing Folders
Students should be encouraged to write across the curriculum. Student writings may take several forms.
Students may be encouraged to make daily entries summarizing their progress in a particular study in a diary.
Writing folders show the different styles of writing that students accomplish such as first drafts, current writing, finished drafts, new writing ideas, and student reflections on material being studied.

14. Teacher-student conference
Conferences
Peer conference
Teacher-student conference

15. Portfolios * Focusing on a body of work vs. a one off performance*
The portfolio process reviews a comparatively large body of a learner’s work, rather than a one off performance, to evaluate performance over a course of study.
* Being a truly authentic assessment*
Portfolios rely on direct observation ,therefore, can be thought of as authentic assessment.
* Increasing the involvement of learners*
Portfolios necessitate the active participation of learners in the evaluation process.

16. Alternative assessment Traditional assessment
vs.
Alternative assessment
Traditional assessment
Continuous, longitudinal assessment
One-shot tests
Direct tests
Indirect tests
Authentic tests
Inauthentic tests
Group projects
Individual projects
Feedback provided to learners
No feedback provided to learners
Untimed exams
Speeded exams
Contextualized test tasks
Decontextualized test tasks
Criterion-referenced score interpretation
Norm-referenced score interpretation
Classroom-based tests
Standardized tests

17. Advantages of alternative assessment
First,
they tend to simulate real-life contexts
Second,
Collaborative working is encouraged.
Third,
Assist instructors to have a better understanding of student learning

18. “A person who never made a mistake
never tried anything”
-Albert Einstein