1. 1 Country% US Brazil Jordan Morocco Australia China Estonia Israel 72 5,4 4,2 3,5 2,1 1,5 1,1 0,3 Source: U.S. Department of Energy, (2005) Estimated total world resources of oil shale are more than 400 billion tons (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Oil Shale Resources

2. 2 Domestic fuel, resources for about 100 years Low heat value High ash content High CaO content in ash Comparison of fuels (as received): Coal Heavy Oil Oil Shale Moisture,% Ash,% Sulfur,% Heat value, MJ/kg 5-13 5-25 0,5 - 3 < 3 0,3 < 3 10 - 12 43 - 47 1,5 – 1,8 20 - 28388 - 10 Oil Shale in Estonia - Characteristics

3. 3 Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and in the World Production of oil shale from several countries

4. 4 MAP OF ESTONIA AS Narva Elektrijaamad

5. 5 IDA-VIRUMAA COUNTY MAP Eesti Power Plant Balti Power Plant

6. 6 Oil Shale Mineable Seam The mineable oil shale seam is of Middle Ordovician age and consists of seven sub-seams (denominated A through F1) that are divided by limestone partings of various thicknesses. Within the active mining areas, the thickness of this oil shale seam, without partings, ranges between 1.7 m and 2.3 m

7. 7 Estonian Long-Term Experience Utilising Oil Shale Estonia has a long-term comprehensive experience on large scale oil shale utilisation: electrical energy generation middle pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 40-s high pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 50-s Balti Power Plant – initially 1624 MWe- comm-d 1959 – 1966 Eesti Power Plant – 1615 MWe- comm-d 1969 – 1973 circulated fluidised bed combustion 2 Blocks 215 MWe each- commissioned 2005 oil shale oil processing Oil Shale Processing Plant utilising the Galloter Process – 2 x 140 t/h Oil Shale- Commissioned 1980

8. 8 Narva Power Plants Eesti Power Plant 1615 MW Balti Power Plant 765 MW Oil Factory Eesti PP 74% AS Narva Elektrijaamad part in Estonian electricity production in 2005 94% Iru PP Kohtla-Järve PP Ahtme PP Industrys PP Renewable Balti PP 20% Eesti PP 74% Other 6%

9. 9 The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired Power Plants 01.01.2008.a. – SO 2 bounding on existing boilers >65%, – fly ash emissions < 200 mg/Nm 3 16.07.2009.a. – to reconstruct ash handling systems, and bring ash landfills in compliance with landfill directive 01.01.2012.a. – SO 2 emissions total <25 000 ton/year 01.01.2016.a. – LCP directive requirements will apply to all boilers

10. 10 The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired Power Plants CFB technology is the best for reducing SO 2 emissions Ca/S molar ratio in Estonian Oil Shale – ca 10 PC Boilers CFB Boilers SO2 bounded 80 % almost 100 % SO2 emissions 2000 mg/Nm3 0 – 20 mg/Nm3 NOx emissions, mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3 90 – 170 mg/Nm3 Fly Ash Emissions < 200 mg/Nm 3 < 30 mg/Nm 3

11. 11 FWE CFB-Combustion System for Oil Shale Net Heat to Steam With oil shale 247 MWth With shale oil 112,5 MWth Main Steam 90 kg/s l 535C l 12.7 MPa Hot Reheat 77 kg/s l 535C l 2.4 MPa Steam Drum 13.3 MPa NET EFFICIENCY ~37%

12. 12 Narva Power Plant Oil Plant Retorting Process