1. Population Geography Distribution of World Population
Population Statistics
Population Pyramids
Demographic Transition Theory
Population Control
Overpopulation (Malthus and Neo-Malthusians

2. Fertility Rate
# of births needed to keep a population at a stable level w/o immigration of a nation. Yourself and Partner.
No European countries are at the replacement level.
2.1 vs. 3.3
What does 3.3 insinuate?

3. Economic Growth Prompt immigration to stimulate the economy.
Examples include: Germany, US, Norway.
Japan?

4. Arithmetic Density – the total number of people div. by total land area.
Examples:
U.S. = 76/mi2; NYC=1,000,000/mi2; Australia = 7/mi2
Physiological Density – the total number of people per a unit of arable (farmable) land.

5. Physiologic Density Examples
Egypt
Switzerland
Less of a role in Europe than in Asia

6. Landmass with the world’s three largest population concentrations can be found? Which is the next by ¼ of the size?

7. Density Examples China India Bangladesh
European cities vs. Asian Cities

9. Thomas Malthus
Population increased exponentially (geometrically), food increases _______
But Malthus was wrong due to…
Expanded ag. Acreage
Improvement in seeds (GMOs)
Fertilizers

12. Population growth of a Country
Due to births and immigration
Population Doubling Time
Due to births and immigration
World doubling time is decreasing (good or bad)?
Currently adding _____ million per year
Growth rate is currently at 1.4%
Surprisingly S. America is below this

13. Doubling Times
The doubling time is the number of years before a population will be twice as large as it is today.
World = 50
U.S. = 34
MDC = 543
LDC = 40
Honduras = 22
Belize = 19
Denmark = 700
Russia = never?

14. Low Population Growth Rates?
Usually due to industry and improved health care
Examples would be France, Spain, Italy
Example of industrialized country that has a low growth rate?

15. Reducing the Pop growth rate
India: Forced sterilization
China: Fines
War can reduce rates as well.
Britain low BR and DR during WWII

16. Birth Control Programs
One family/one child policies
Female infanticide
Social compensation fees
Sterilization
Loss of status
Termination healthcare/food coupons
Free birth control
Increased literacy

17. World Death Rates Infectious diseases Degenerative diseases
HIV/AIDS
SARS
Degenerative diseases
Obesity
Tobacco use
Epidemiology
Epidemiological transition

19. World and Country Population Totals
Distribution and Structure: 3/4 of people live on 5% of earth's surface!
Total: 6 billion on planet as of Oct. 12, 1999
Current Population Counter
Five most populous regions and countries
REGION POPULATION COUNTRY POPULATION
East Asia 1.5 billion China billion
South Asia 1.2 billion India 986 million
Europe 750 million U.S million
SE Asia 500 million Indonesia 206 million
East N. Am.120 million Brazil 168 million

22. Rates of Natural Increase

23. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Palestinian Territories
Fertility Rate
7.39
7.00
6.43
6.46
5.99
5.57
2.1 is generally regarded as the replacement rate (the rate at which a population neither grows nor shrinks) in the developed world. In less developed countries this rate should be higher (2.8?).
High infant mortality tends to result in higher fertility rates as families seek “insurance” for the loss of children.
U.K.
Total fertility rate
1.72
1.80
1.81
1.78
1.70
1.66
Africa
Fertility Rate
6.60
6.45
6.11
5.67
5.26
4.97

24. Infant Mortality

25. Adults and Children Living with AIDS, 2004

27. Europe
Industrialization, urbanization, and modernization marked decline of birth rate

28. What does this mean?

29. Best case scenario?

33. Demographic Transition Model

34. Demographic Transition Model
Stage one
Crude birth/death rate high
Fragile population
Stage two
Lower death rates
Infant mortality rate
Natural increase high
Stage three
Indicative of richer developed countries
Higher standards of living/education

35. Problems with the Demographic Transition Model
based on European experience, assumes all countries will progress to complete industrialization
many countries reducing growth rate dramatically without increase in wealth
on the other hand, some countries “stuck” in stage 2 or stage 3

36. Population Shift

37. Overpopulation
When consumption of natural resources by people outstrip the ability of a natural region to replace those natural resources.

38. Jean Antoine Condorcet
(1743 – 1794)
predicted that innovation, resulting increased wealth, and choice would provide food and resources in the future and lead to fewer children per family
believed that society was perfectable

39. Thomas Malthus on Population
An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798
Malthus, responding to Condorcet, predicted population would outrun food supply, leading to a decrease in food per person.
Assumptions
Populations grow exponentially.
Food supply grows arithmetically.
Food shortages and chaos inevitable.

40. Population J-Curve

41. Population and the Environment
I = P x A x T
Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
Population-influenced environmental problems:
Global Warming
Habitat Loss / Endangered Species
Resource Depletion
Food Shortages? Not globally, but regionally.

42. Population and Resource Consumption

43. The End