1. Vocabulary Terms Pages 292-313
Land cover
Zoning
Land use
Urban growth boundary
Urban
Smart growth
Rural
Ecological restoration
Urbanization
Infrastructure
Heat island effect
Sprawl
Geographic Information System (GIS)

2. Urbanization 10
CHAPTER
Placeholder opening page, but maybe we can duplicate the look of the SE chapter opener page by using the same fonts and colors (and maybe that Ch 14 icon?)

3. Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
For the first time in history, there are now more urban residents than rural residents.

4. Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
Land Cover and Land Use
Land cover: Vegetation and structures that cover land.
Land use: Human activities that occur on land
Humans change land cover, especially in urban areas. These changes have environmental and economic effects.

5. Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
Urban and Rural Areas
Rural: Any other type of land use or land cover (includes forests, cropland, etc.)
Urban: Land mostly covered with buildings and roads (includes suburbs)

6. Urbanization Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities
Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
Urbanization
Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities
Cities are not new, but the enormous size of today’s cities is. More than 20 cities have at least 10 million residents.

7. Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
The Rise of Cities
• Factors that contribute to the rise of urbanization include population growth and industrialization.
Most cities are located near a transportation route such as a large body of water, railroad, or highway.
Image - (Creative Commons licensed)
Geyser info source - National Park Service:
Chicago’s location on Lake Michigan helped it grow into a large and prosperous city.
Did You Know? Since 1950, the world’s urban population has more than quadrupled. According to U.N. projections, it will double again by 2050.

8. Environmental Costs of Urbanization
Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
Environmental Costs of Urbanization
Pollution: Increased waste, industrial byproducts, noise pollution, light pollution
Heat islands: Cities, several degrees warmer than surrounding areas, affect local weather and trap pollutants.
Imported resources: Fossil fuels are burned to import food, water, fuel, and raw materials.

9. Environmental Benefits of Urbanization
Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization
Environmental Benefits of Urbanization
Efficiency: Less fuel and resources needed to distribute goods and services to residents
Universities and research centers: Urban areas tend to foster education and innovation.
Land Preservation: Dense urban centers leave room for agriculture, wilderness, biodiversity, and privacy.

10. Lesson Sprawl
In 1950, 65% of the U.S. population lived in urban (including suburban) areas, while 35% lived rurally. In 2010, 89% was urban and only 11% rural.
Los Angeles, CA, is one the most sprawling U.S. cities.

11. Lesson 10.2 Sprawl
What Is Sprawl?
The spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from a dense urban core
Often, growth of suburban areas outpaces population growth because suburbs allow more space per person than cities.
Las Vegas, Nevada Left: 1972; Right: 2002

12. Impacts of Sprawl Transportation: Little to no public transportation
Lesson 10.2 Sprawl
Impacts of Sprawl
Transportation: Little to no public transportation
Pollution: Increased driving leads to pollution.
Public health: May promote inactivity, and by extension obesity and high blood pressure
Land Use: Less land left as open space, forests, and farms
Economics: Wealth tending to concentrate in suburbs, leaving urban areas poor
Did You Know? Every year, more than 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of rural land are converted to urban land in the United States.

13. Lesson 10.3 Sustainable Cities
Open Space
Provides greenery, beauty, freedom of movement, recreation opportunities
Includes parks, playgrounds, community gardens, greenways
Regulates climate, produces oxygen, filters air and water, provides habitat
Did You Know? More than 24,000 km of abandoned public rail line in the U.S. have been converted to trails for walking, jogging, and biking.

14. Lesson 10.3 Sustainable Cities
Green Building Design
The goals of a green building are to save energy and resources without sacrificing people’s comfort.
Ashland High School near Boston, Massachusetts is a sophisticated green building that saves the school system more than $75,000 a year in energy costs.

15. Urban Sustainability Successes
Lesson 10.3 Sustainable Cities
Urban Sustainability Successes
Curitiba, Brazil
Efficient bus network
Recycling and environmental education provided
New York City
Plan underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve public transit, plant trees, clean up polluted sites, and improve open space access
The tube at this Curitiba bus stop handles fare collection for passengers boarding or exiting.

16. Today’s Work FUTURE: Three part assignment
Page 298 (1-4)
Page 304 (1-3)
Page 313 (1-6)
FUTURE:
Unit 7 Test Review when you get back from the weekend, Test the next class after review