1. URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Chapter 20
URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM

2. State Standards
47) Design a concept map of the structures of the urinary system, complete with associated explanations of the functions of each structure. Predict possible complications for each structure and outline methods to prevent the complications.
48) Identify the internal and external anatomy of the kidney. Analyze the blood supply that is required for functioning, the physiology of the nephrons, the process by which urine is formed, the pathways for excretion in males and females, and the chemical and nervous system control of urinary secretion.
49) **Investigate how the urinary system interacts with other body systems. Provide descriptions of the anatomy and physiology involved and possible complications that might arise with an imbalance.
50) **Research the pathophysiology and abnormal anatomy and/or physiology surrounding diseases, disorders, and/or syndromes of the urinary system. Explain how these abnormalities can affect one’s physical health, outlining signs and symptoms, underlying causation, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, evaluation, and treatment. Differentiate between the diseases in a pediatric, adult, and elderly person.

3. Objectives
Students will describe the structure and function of the organs in the urinary system through the creation of a concept map
Students will explore the structure of the kidney through a dissection.
Students will demonstrate knowledge of the urinary system through creation of a working 3D urinary system model
Students will describe common urinary system diseases and disorders through creation of a presentation.

4. The urinary system and homeostasis
The urinary system sustains homeostasis by eliminating wastes from the body, and by filtering the blood to maintain proper acidity levels, and metabolites and electrolyte levels within the body.
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5. Body Systems Related to Urinary
Blood vessels and lymph vessels transport waste products to the excretory organs.
Discussion:
Applying what you know about the different body systems, which ones work in conjunction with the Urinary system?
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6. Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
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7. FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Excretion
Aid in maintaining acid-base balance
Secretion of waste in urine
Elimination of urine from bladder
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8. Kidneys Bean shaped organs
Rest high in the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity.
Right kidney is slightly lower
Discussion: Applying your directional terms, describe the kidneys anatomical position.
Why would the right kidney be slightly lower than the left? Think about what else is located on the right side.

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10. Kidney
Each kidney and its blood vessels are enclosed in a mass of fat called the adipose capsule.
2 layers of the kidney
Cortex- outer (reddish brown, contains millions of nephrons)
Medulla- inner layer (red) contains renal pyramids
Research: With a partner find what the indentation where the vessels, nerves, and ureter enter the kidney.

12. What makes up a kidney?
Nephron- basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
located in the cortex

13. Pathway to form Urine
Glomerulus—Bowman’s capsule--now it’s called filtrate (blood minus red blood cells)--continues through the proximal tubule--loop of Henle-distal tubule--collecting tubule (99% of filtrate has been reabsorbed)--1 ml of urine per minute is created.

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Discussion
With a partner discuss….
If 1 ml of urine is created per minute, how much urine would you create in 24 hours?
Why would our body reabsorb 99% of the fluid going through our kidneys?
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15. Urinary Excretion Control
Under both chemical and nervous control
Nervous- action of nerve impulses on the blood vessels connected to the kidneys and stimulation of endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Chemical-ADH secreted by the hypothalamus increases the size of pores in the distal tubule (so more water is reabsorbed) Determined by the amount of salt in the body.
Increase salt, increases amount of fluid reabsorbed

16. Urinary Output
Average urinary output is between 1,000 to 2,000 ml/24 hours
Discussion: what factor will affect how much urine output an individual has?
Urine output, color, clarity, odor, and presence of cells, bacteria, and acidity are assessed by healthcare professionals to determine urinary health.
Discussion: What is this procedure called?

17. Ureters
Urine exits the kidneys through the renal pelvis to the ureters.
Ureters carry urine from the ureter to the bladder.
Long and narrow less than ¼ inch wide
Made of smooth muscles
Discussion: Why would they be made of muscle? Applying what your know about the different types of muscles, which type would the ureter be?

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Bladder
Hollow muscular organ
Involuntary muscle
Stores the urine
Muscles contract and force the urine through the urethra and the urethral meatus.
Research: How much urine can your bladder hold before your become uncomfortable?
Discussion: Applying your anatomical terms, describe the location of the bladder in comparison to the kidneys.
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Urethra Male vs. Female
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22. Activity
In a small group you will be creating an urinary system concept map according to State Standard (47) “Design a concept map of the structures of the urinary system, complete with associated explanations of the functions of each structure. Predict possible complications for each structure and outline methods to prevent the complications.”
I will provide an example, label the front of the organ, on the back write its function, and research a possible complication/diseases and prevention measure for each organ.

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Kidney Dissection
See kidney dissection activity ppt.
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24. Urinary System Disorders and Diseases
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25. Activity
In your small groups you will be educating the class over a disease or disorder following State Standard 50) **Research abnormal anatomy and/or physiology surrounding diseases, disorders, and/or syndromes of the urinary system. Explain how these abnormalities can affect one’s physical health, outlining signs and symptoms, underlying causation, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. Differentiate between the diseases in a pediatric, adult, and elderly person.
Your presentation needs to be 3-5 minutes in length and include a basic quiz for the class to complete
Choose from one of the following (Chronic renal failure, Polycystic kidney disease, Kidney stones, Hydronephrosis)

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Individually
Complete the applying theory questions on p. 416
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